Monday, September 23, 2019

Today -100: September 23, 1919: Of strikes, planetary strikes, leaky blockades, and Wagner


Steel strike, day 1: guards and cops and strikers at the Carnegie Steel plant in Newcastle, Pennsylvania shoot at each other after guards try to protect scabs who are being pelted with stones and bricks. Smaller-scale incidents occur throughout the Pennsylvania steel region. The steel companies claim that only foreign and unskilled workers are striking.

NYT Index Typo of the Day -100:


Wow, that’s an impressive strike (ok, it’s plants, not planets).

Italy has (supposedly) asked the Allies to please send in soldiers to remove poet-aviator Gabriele D’Annunzio and his merry men from Fiume, because Italian troops can’t (won’t) do it. The Italian blockade of Fiume, which is already regularly breached by boats, I believe from Venice, and a continued influx of soldiers and other volunteers, is now broken by a train carrying supplies. How hard is it to stop a train?

The NYT editorializes on the poet-aviator’s place in the Italo-Greek rhetorical tradition: “His case is bad. His rhetoric is carefully calculated. This is what interests him. He keeps the secular tradition of Italy. He belongs to a race and a land where the airy phantasms of speech and song are facts listened to by a people still enthralled by the orators of the Rostrum, still swayed by remembrances of Roman, African, and Asiatic eloquence.”

The Royal Irish Constabulary are being supplied with grenades. Swell.

The Paris Police order a planned concert at the Tuileries Gardens canceled because people objected to the inclusion of music by Wagner. Everyone’s a critic.


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Sunday, September 22, 2019

Today -100: September 22, 1919: Of debating societies, strikes, and foreigners


Woodrow Wilson explains that it doesn’t matter that Britain has 6 seats in the League of Nations Assembly (including Canada, Australia, South Africa & India) to the US’s 1, because the Assembly is just a powerless “debating society,” while real decisions are made in the Council. Also, the Assembly includes places like Cuba and Panama, which are as much under US “influence” as Canada is under Britain’s. That’s Wilson saying that.

The steel strike begins.

Poet-aviator Gabriele D’Annunzio expels foreigners from Fiume, except Yugoslavs, who he’s locking up.


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Saturday, September 21, 2019

Today -100: September 21, 1919: Of lusks, protectorates, colonists, and infamous words


The anti-Red Lusk Committee of the New York Legislature takes credit for shutting down 10 radical publications, one of them in Finnish.

Headline of the Day -100: 


Lord Curzon says the treaty signed this week between Britain and Persia does not amount to a protectorate and Britain toooootally respects Persia’s independence. No, Britain is just giving Persia “financial aid” (i.e., a loan, with customs revenues as collateral) and providing “expert assistance” (including military experts, paid for by Persia and given what the treaty calls “adequate powers”). For some reason he doesn’t mention the bit about gaining access to Persian oil. Probably slipped his mind.

Germany is allegedly “colonizing” Germans into Upper Silesia before the big plebiscite. Employers are being gently encouraged to continue paying the salaries of workers born in Silesia who take a little voting vacation there.

The Italian government sends Rear Admiral Cassanova (there’s a dirty joke in there somewhere) to Fiume to put a stop to the D’Annunzio occupation. Instead, the rear admiral has been “detained.” The Italian head of staff in the armistice zone informs D’Annunzio that officers who remain in Fiume will be considered deserters. D’A responds that “this infamous word” “does not touch me or my companions.” A bunch of planes (one carrying Prince Aimone) also fly in to help out the poet-aviator (there may come a time when I grow tired of that phrase, but that time has not yet arrived), just in case Fiume needs an air force, I guess. The poet-aviator’s men “marched up and down through the streets of Fiume, shouting their cause and demanding who had aught to say against them. It seems that if any one had they didn’t say it.” 


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Friday, September 20, 2019

Today -100: September 20, 1919: Of delights, agitators, cataclysms, German efficiency, and field guns


The Seattle longshoremen’s union members will stop loading arms for the Russian Whites, which were to sail for Siberia aboard the steamer Delight.

New York Mayor John Hylan responds to attempts to create a unified union for all city workers by writing to the heads of all city departments, telling them to identify employees who “spend more time agitating and making trouble” than working and zero out their positions in the next budget.

The Peace Conference hands Bulgaria its peace terms. The Bulgarian delegates blame any wrongdoings committed by their country on the deposed monarchy and say the alliance with Germany was forced on the Bulgarian people and “came to them as a cataclysm.” Those words from Gen. Georgi Todorov, who seems to have suppressed his misgivings quite well while commander-in-chief of the army.

Allied warships are pointing their guns at Fiume, pointedly. D’Annunzio says he will fight, the Italian army I guess, if attacked, and if necessary will blow up Fiume in order to save it, as is the custom. A day after the censorship on Fiume was lifted, it’s reimposed. The Italian government can’t commit to any course of action on anything related to Fiume.

In more fallout from the suppression of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, six members of the Soviet are found guilty of having murdered hostages, sentenced to death, and executed, in the same day.

The British government is, presumably, offering German military items as displays for parks and such. The municipal council of Nenagh, County Tipperary, Ireland, accepts the offer of two field guns – as long as they are in working order and come with shells.


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Thursday, September 19, 2019

Today -100: September 19, 1919: Of one pure thing


A belated report on the first day of the invasion of Fiume includes some quotes from poet-aviator Gabriele D’Annunzio: “In the present mad, cowardly world, there is one pure thing – our love for Fiume.” “I, a war volunteer and a mutilated fighter, appeal to Victor Hugo’s France, to Milton’s England, and Lincoln’s America, and, speaking as an interpreter of the valorous sentiments of the whole Italian people, proclaim the annexation of Fiume to Italy.” To be fair, the poet-aviator had a high fever at the time. He says he has “assumed military command of freed Fiume.”

The German government concedes to Allied threats and nullifies Article 61 of the new Constitution, which provided for possible future annexation of Austria.

Headline of the Day -100: 


I guess this is what the Allies wanted when they forced Béla Kun out, right?

Charles Comiskey sets prices for World Series tickets, ranging from $1.10 in the bleachers to $5.50 in the boxes. You have to buy tickets for at least 3 games. 4 tickets a customer max. On sale now even though the White Sox haven’t won their league yet.


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Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Today -100: September 18, 1919: I go because I must


On its front page, the NYT reports “persistent rumors” that Peruvian President Augusto Leguía has been assassinated. He has not.

There’s some heckling at Woodrow Wilson’s pro-League of Nations speech in San Francisco, mostly on the Irish question. He had answered a written set of questions, denying that League membership would require the US to aid British against an Irish uprising or stop it recognizing Irish independence. De Valera finds those answers inadequate: the US might not be obligated to aid Britain, but the League would force it to help prevent other nations assisting rebels.

Italy blockades Fiume, hoping to starve D’Annunzio out. Or, to put it another way, Italy is afraid to order its troops to expel the poet-aviator, because they might well mutiny. Yugoslavia is also blockading the city. D’Annunzio telegrams a newspaper, the Idea Nazionale, “I go because I must.”

Italy is still censoring news of events in Fiume, but Germany is not, and Germans are following with great interest to see if they might be able to get away with the same shit in Danzig.

Headline of the Day -100: 


Ralph Madsen wanders around Broadway, attracting crowds. He is 7’6”. The article says he’s a movie actor, although imdb only lists 4 credits starting in 1928 (3 circus movies and a Little Rascals short).

Last week I reported on the oldest man in the world, 131-year-old “Uncle John” Schell. Well evidently the oldest man in the world is in fact a Turkish laborer, aged 144, named, um, Zorro. I stand corrected.


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Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Today -100: September 17, 1919: Fiume or death!


The Italian government, embarrassed by its inability/unwillingness to get its soldiers to follow orders, censors all news about Fiume.


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Monday, September 16, 2019

Today -100: September 16, 1919: Of mutineers, cops, and lynchings


Headline of the Day -100: 


“Mutineers” means that many of the poet-aviator’s filibusters are regular Italian army soldiers (including a “cyclist corps”) who are not supposed to be invading anywhere. The Allied Supreme Council will leave all this up to Italy, calling it an internal matter. D’Aunnunzio declares Fiume annexed to Italy, which is a power all poet-aviators have.

Boston starts recruiting a whole new police force. With higher pay.

Headline of the Day -100:  


Everyone needs a hobby. (The Mexican ambassador and consul are heading to Pueblo, Colorado to investigate that lynching of two Mexican citizens, which is more than the police seem to be doing).

Lots of people die in a storm in Corpus Christi.

In a letter to Adolf Gemlich of Ulm, Adolf Hitler writes about Jews for the first time. It won’t be the last. He says Jews are a race, not a religion, that antisemitism should be based on reason rather than emotion, which should be manifested not in pogroms but “Its final aim must unshakably be the removal of the Jews altogether.”


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Sunday, September 15, 2019

Today -100: September 15, 1919: Of lunatics betraying the cause of the fatherland, strikes deferred, and sympathetic bartenders


Italy sends troops to disarm Gabriele D’Annunzio and his merry men and get them the hell out of Fiume, but the troops refuse. Prime Minister Francesco Nitti calls supporters of the poet-aviator’s actions “lunatics, betraying the cause of the fatherland.”

Steel workers at US Steel will defer strike action until after the national labor conference, on Woodrow Wilson’s request.

Other Boston unions are backing away from the idea of a general strike in support of the striking police, although the Bartenders’ Union no. 77 votes for a sympathy strike.


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Saturday, September 14, 2019

Today -100: September 14, 1919: Of cops, lynchings, poet-aviators (poets-aviator?), and positions


Boston Police Commissioner Edwin Curtis (a former mayor) says all the striking cops will be fired, including those now offering to return to work. Gov. Calvin Coolidge says he will support that decision. Samuel Gompers complains of the “autocratic” attitude of Boston officials. Only a few people are shot today by trigger-happy guardsmen and volunteer cops, including one while the fake cops broke up a craps game, and why are craps games such a priority, anyway? The state guards threaten crowds with machine guns.

Two Mexicans are lynched in Pueblo, Colorado, hanged from a bridge.

Austria refuses to extradite Béla Kun to Hungary.

“Poet-aviator” Gabriele D’Annunzio and several thousand of his friends (soldiers, students, Futurists, etc) invade Fiume, which is supposed to be a neutral city under the League of Nations. The general who was supposed to block him didn’t after D’Annunzio dared him to shoot him.


Foreshadowy Headline of the Day -100:  




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Friday, September 13, 2019

Today -100: September 13, 1919: Of going and solvent national concerns, the most drastic measures, and police strikes


Giving an anti-League of Nations speech in St. Louis, Sen. Hiram Johnson (R-Cal.) says the League would make the US “subject to the will of Great Britain and Japan,” who want to use the League to protect the spoils given them by the Peace Treaty. He says the US is “the only going and solvent national concern” and joining the League would be to “enter into a partnership with four bankrupts.”

The British “suppress” the Irish Parliament and raid the Dublin Sinn Féin headquarters and many other locations. Papers and pamphlets and explosives are seized. Viscount French, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, threatens “the most drastic measures.” Detective Hoey is shot dead in Dublin. A related story is headlined “‘Dail Eireann’ Shortlived,” suggesting a belief that the Irish Parliament no longer exists because the British say it no longer exists, which is just adorable. President De Valera, in Rhode Island, says the proclamations are “a cover for military ruthlessness in Ireland.” He says law & order could be restored in 24 hours if the “alien government” withdraws its army of occupation.

Samuel Gompers of the AFL meets Massachusetts Gov. Calvin Coolidge and offers to suspend the Boston police strike if the rule against police union membership is also suspended until Pres. Wilson’s labor conference next month. Coolidge has said that the cops are not strikers but deserters, and should not be reinstated.


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Thursday, September 12, 2019

Today -100: September 12, 1919: Of crimes against civilizatin and coups


There may be a general strike in support of the police strike in Boston. Then again, there may not. Woodrow Wilson calls the strike “a crime against civilization,” leaving Boston “at the mercy of an army of thugs.”

The US lands troops in Honduras to do something or other during its revolution/coup. Pres. Francisco Bertrand flees the country.


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Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Today -100: September 11, 1919: Austria cannot hate


Massachusetts State Guard troops are patrolling Boston during the police strike, shooting at mobs with rifles and machine guns. There are also cavalry charges. With sabres. Bottles and bricks are thrown back. Guardsmen break up dice games with bayonets. Gov. Calvin Coolidge sends in more troops, blaming Mayor Andrew Peters for taking two days to ask for assistance. Peters blames Police Commissioner Edwin Curtis, who is appointed by the governor.

Austria signs the peace treaty with 27 of its former enemies. Romania and Yugoslavia do not sign. China, which did not sign the treaty with Germany, signs this one because it does not give away any part of China to Japan. The Chinese and Japanese delegates are seated far away from each other. Chancellor Karl Renner, signing on behalf of Austria, says “Austria cannot hate. It always respects the man with whom it has to fight.”

A mob near Athens, Georgia lynches black man Obe Cox, shooting him and burning him at the stake.

Ex-kaiser Wilhelm is finally moving into his own place, in Doorn, Netherlands. 51 moving wagons.


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Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Today -100: September 10, 1919: We are the predestined mediators of mankind


The Boston police, at least 3/4 of them, go on strike after 19 cops are fired for union activity (joining an AFL-affiliated union). Boston youth break some windows, loot a few stores. Harvard’s President A. Lawrence Lowell calls on students to be prepared to assist the authorities.

The NYT opposes the striking cops, condescendingly saying they are “inspired unconsciously by anti-social ideas” and that they have “no more right to belong to a union than a soldier or a sailor. He must be ready to obey orders, the orders of his superiors, not those of any outside body.” After all, they may be called on to put down strikes and so receive contradictory orders. And if they don’t like their pay and conditions (which by the way are pretty crappy), they can just quit.

Police shoot dead three striking workers of the Standard Steel Car Company in Hammond, Indiana. The article repeatedly tells us that the troublesome workers are foreign-born (mostly Poles).

Woodrow Wilson tells the Minnesota Legislature and a St. Paul public meeting that the cost of living will continue to rise and labor relations will continue to suck until the peace treaty is ratified. Also, the US is the only country the world trusts to stabilize peace: “We are the predestined mediators of mankind.”

The former aide of Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, brother of Tsar Nicholas, says Michael Alexandrovich is actually still alive, having escaped “with his secretary and a sailor” on a motor boat and is now living somewhere incognito. Yah, no, he isn’t.

“Uncle John” Schell, the oldest man in the world at, um, 131, goes on a ride in an airplane at the Kentucky State Fair. It feels a lot like being drunk, he says, “but it’s all right at that.” He’s just sorry he didn’t bring his 5-year-old son to the fair.


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Monday, September 09, 2019

Today -100: September 9, 1919: Of pro-German elements, reservations, pershings, and home runs


In Sioux Falls, Woodrow Wilson warns that “the pro-German element in the United States has again lifted its head,” in the form of attempts to keep the US out of the League of Nations, which would somehow result in better peace terms for Germany. He says the US is the only real idealist among the nations of the world.

Romania wants to sign the Austrian peace treaty with reservations (like many US Republican senators), and is being told no. The provisions it objects to would require it to treat its Jews nicely, which it says would interfere with its sovereignty in its newly acquired territories. The Yugoslavs have similar objections to being made to be nice to their minorities.

Gen. Pershing is in town for parades and shit.

Babe Ruth hits his 26th home run of the season, which is a record.


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Sunday, September 08, 2019

Today -100: September 8, 1919: Of corks, peaces founded on brute force, and lynchings


In County Cork, Sinn Féiners attack soldiers parading to church, evidently in an attempt to grab their weapons, but in the ensuing firefight they kill 1 soldier and wound 3 more and then escape scot free, despite 18 planes being deployed.

The Austrian National Assembly ratifies the Peace Treaty, 97-23, while protesting “a peace founded on brute force” and the “violation of Austria’s right of free disposal of herself,” saying Austria must join Germany.

A mob in Jacksonville, Florida breaks into the jail looking for a black man accused of assaulting a white girl/woman, but finding that he’d been removed, lynch two other black prisoners instead, shooting them and then dragging their bodies through the streets, as was the custom.


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Saturday, September 07, 2019

Today -100: September 7, 1919: Do you not know that the world is all now one single whispering gallery?


In another of his League of Nations speeches, Woodrow Wilson in Des Moines says the world is waiting for our leadership. He also blames the internet wireless and telegraph – “Do you not know that the world is all now one single whispering gallery?” – for the spread of “the poison of disorder, the poison of revolt, the poison of chaos” beyond Russia to Eastern Europe and maybe even the US, “and so long as the disorder continues, so long as the world is kept waiting for the answer to the question of the kind of peace we are going to have and what kind of guarantees there are to be behind that peace, that poison will steadily spread, more and more rapidly until it may be that even this beloved land of ours will be distracted and distorted by it.”

The actors’ strike is over. Chorus girls also get a wage increase. Stage productions that have now opened or will shortly open include “Chu Chin Chow,” “The Scandals of 1919,” “She Would and She Did,” and “Monte Cristo, Junior.”


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Friday, September 06, 2019

Today -100: September 6, 1919: The supremacy will be ours


The Peace Conference  tells Germany that if it doesn’t annul the bit of its constitution allowing for Anschluß, the Allies will occupy the right bank of the Rhine. French Gen. Charles Mangin, in charge of troops in occupied Rhineland, orders German officials not to take the oath to the new constitution.

Mexican Gen. Salvador Alvarado issues an open letter to his boss Carranza, warning that Mexico is totes fucked up and the US will probably invade soon.

Woodrow Wilson reassures St. Louis that the US would be the “senior partner” in the League of Nations: “The supremacy will be ours.” The choice, he says, is between armed isolation and peaceful partnership. He says if the US doesn’t join the League it will be a “quitter.”

Women get the vote in Italy, the NYT reports, incorrectly.


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Thursday, September 05, 2019

Today -100: September 5, 1919: Of remarriages, open and avowed enemies, and worthy subjects of the Emperor


The state of Lower Austria now allows divorced people to remarry. Which they proceed to do.

The NYT declares the new Communist Party “open and avowed enemies of the United States, its Government, its traditions, and its institutions.” It doesn’t know how things have come to this. It just doesn’t know.

The new Japanese governor-general of Korea, Baron Saito Makoto, tells the AP all about his new liberal policies for Korea, such as not crushing the Korean language and culture, abolishing gold braids and swords for officials, abolishing flogging, and developing the Korean people until the point where ultimately they might become “worthy subjects of the Emperor” and even have equal rights with Japanese, some day.


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Wednesday, September 04, 2019

Today -100: September 4, 1919: Of women’s suffrage, menaced Finlands, assassination attempts, and downed planes


The Virginia and Alabama legislatures reject the women’s suffrage Amendment.

Headline of the Day -100: 


Korean nationalists, presumably, try to assassinate the new Japanese governor-general of Korea, Baron Saito Makoto, throwing a bomb at his railroad carriage.

Evidently the Mexican troops who shot down the US plane yesterday were cavalry who were pissed that the low-flying plane was scaring their horses. The US is claiming the plane was in the US (Texas), the Mexicans that it was in Mexican air-space.


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Tuesday, September 03, 2019

Today -100: September 3, 1919: Of deaf presidents, angry Frenchies, racial ascendancies and oppressions, workers of the world uniting, and sedition


Headline of the Day -100: 


And yet they’re getting louder and louder.

Headline of the Day -100:  


10 days ago, the Allies ordered Romania to stop looting Hungary, but Romanian troops are still running riot over the country, issuing demands (no one can wear a uniform except Romanians, etc), and have not bothered to respond to the note. But the Allies have proven unwilling so far to clamp down on Romania because Romania has oil.

The Peace Conference demands that Germany alter its new constitution to remove references to Austria possibly joining.

It also gives Austria the terms of its peace treaty, with 5 days to accept them. The terms include a ban on Austria becoming part of Germany. In a response to Austrian objections, the Conference rejects the idea that Austria should not be treated as a defeated enemy because that was the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was, like, an entirely different country.  The Conference response says the Austrian people never attempted to cure militarism before the war or object to the start of the war, and anyway the Habsburg Empire was a system of “racial ascendancy and oppression” over the non-German/Magyar populations. Which is a little rich coming from the Allies, who are currently exercising their own racial ascendance & oppression over Indians and Indochinese and Kenyans and Algerians and Filipinos and Irish and... 

In Chicago, a Communist Labor Party of America is founded, with the motto “Workers of the World Unite.” And Dennis Batt, organizer and editor in, I think, a different communist faction, is arrested under the Illinois Sedition Act. In the hall during the meeting, contrary to what this article says.

Mexicans, possibly federal soldiers, shoot across the border, taking down a US military plane.


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Monday, September 02, 2019

Today -100: September 2, 1919: We’re for the Soviet all the while


Chicago police threaten to shut down a Communist convention if red flags are not removed and replaced by American flags. The NYT quotes a hymn sung at the convention:

Bolshevik, Bolshevik, Bolshevik - bang –
We are members of Gene Debs’s gang.
Are we rebels? We should smile;
We’re for the Soviet all the while.


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Sunday, September 01, 2019

Today -100: September 1, 1919: Of the sincerity of Japan, spirits of aggression and cupidity, veeps, and lynchings


Japanese Prime Minister Hara Takashi says China completely misunderstands its intentions towards Shantung. “The day will arrive when China will come to comprehend the sincerity of Japan.”

Speaking of people who fail to comprehend the sincerity of Japan, which he accuses of a “spirit of aggression and cupidity toward Korea,” Syngman Rhee declares the Republic of Korea. He pointedly refers to the 14 Points and the US Declaration of Independence.

The traditional NYC Labor Day parade is cancelled due to the high cost of living, specifically the cost of costumes.

Woodrow Wilson celebrates Labor Day by asking unions not to strike because he’s pretty sure he’ll get inflation down any day now. And his vice president says that he can’t live within his salary and is considering striking. He does admit he is holding a job “which has so little labor connected with it,” but he worked hard in the past and so deserves a little breathing spell.

The race rioting (i.e., white people attacking black people) in Knoxville, Tennessee continues. Blacks break into pawn shops and hardware stores to acquire firearms and wind up in firefights with the National Guard, who have machine guns. And use them. Incidentally, during the initial incident yesterday, the mob not only tore the jail apart looking for a black man to lynch, they let all the white prisoners go.

A large mob in Boaglusa, Louisiana, lynch a black ex-soldier for allegedly attacking a white woman. His body is then dragged through the town tied to a car and burned.


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Saturday, August 31, 2019

Today -100: August 31, 1919: Of race riots, sugar profiteers, wars on Jews, and dancing


“Lithuanian sources” (which seems to mean one railroad engineer, but if that isn’t a good enough source for a front page above the fold story, what is?) inform the NYT that an army of 40,000 Germans has assembled in Lithuania to invade Russia.

In Knoxville, Tennessee, a huge lynch mob is driven from the jail without seizing a black prisoner who’d been transferred to Chattanooga, so they go on a murderous rampage through the negro district, as was the custom, killing two.

Headline of the Day -100:


Headline of the Day -100:  


The American National Association of Masters of Dancing asks the Methodist Episcopal Church to lift its ban on dancing. The Masters stand for “decent” dancing and against jazz and “other music that tends to degrade or sensualize dancing.”

Now Playing: The Valley of the Giants, starring now-forgotten mega-star Wallace Reid, who was badly injured in a train wreck late in the filming, so the studio, Paramount, sent out a doctor to pump him with enough morphine to get him through it, as was the custom. Reid died a hopeless addict in 1923 at 31 years old. The film was lost for 90 years, when a print was discovered in Russia. It’s supposedly being restored by the Library of Congress.


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Friday, August 30, 2019

Today -100: August 30, 1919: Of anschlusses, treaties, and anxious Turks


The French are incensed that the new German constitution includes provisions for Austrian representation in the Reichstag, should it be annexed in the future.

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee continues to gleefully mutilate the Peace Treaty, giving the US greater representation (equal to that of Britain plus its colonies and self-governing dominions – Canada, South Africa, India, etc), banning those colonies & dominions voting on disputes in which their mother country is involved, etc.

Headline of the Day -100: 



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Thursday, August 29, 2019

Today -100: August 29, 1919: I am tired out and am going fishing


Monroe Trotter, “Boston negro” of the National Equal Rights League, appears before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and demands a racial equality amendment to the Peace Treaty. He warns that if the injustice and oppression in the US continues, “our own country may not be free from a menace to the world’s peace.” Joseph Thomas of the National Race Congress asks the Committee to ensure that the US rather than France gets the League of Nations mandate for Kamerun. American blacks would go to Kamerun as teachers, policemen, etc. The Democrats on the Committee seem to have boycotted this session, and the Republicans didn’t bother to ask any questions of the black witnesses.

A mob in Ocmulgee, Georgia shoot a black man, Eli Cooper, in a black church, which they then burn down, along with other nearby black churches. Cooper was alleged to have been the leader of a plot for negroes to rise out and wipe out the white population.

Ole Hanson, Seattle’s anti-labor mayor, resigns, issuing an official statement: “I am tired out and am going fishing.”

South African Prime Minister Louis Botha, who led the Boer forces against Britain during the Boer War, dies at 56 of a heart attack following a bout of Spanish Flu. He will be replaced by Jan Smuts.


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Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Today -100: August 28, 1919: Of informal warnings and tobacco riots


Rear Admiral Mark Bristol, commander of the US naval forces in Turkey, tells Turkey to stop massacring the Armenians. When Turkey complains to Britain and France about being threatened, the US explains that this was merely an “informal” warning. Clemenceau complains that the US should only deal with Turkey through the allies’ Supreme Council, and anyway the US was never at war with Turkey and has dragged its feet about taking or rejecting a League of Nations mandate over Armenia.

The French riot over tobacco shortages, because the French.


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Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Today -100: August 27, 1919: Of borders, draftees, strikes, listening lesters, and Houdini


The Senate Foreign Relations Committee votes on party lines to strip the peace treaty of US obligations to participate in European matters such as the commissions drawing up the German-Belgian and other borders.

Last week Pres. Wilson met a delegation of parents of US soldiers currently stationed in Siberia, who demanded that draftees be brought home since they had been drafted for a war against Germany not Russia. Wilson now orders the return of draftees. He will send new recruits to replace them, so no easing off of the undeclared war against Bolshevik Russia.

The railway unions reject Wilson’s request not to go on strike and will poll their memberships.

The Justice Dept claims that “Russian Soviet interests” are funding newspapers for negroes in order to stir up racial antagonism.

Theater is still iffy. The stage hands at the Atlantic City production of “Listen, Lester” ignore that injunction and go on strike – after the first act.

So why not go to the movies?



Harry Houdini’s second movie, this one features thrills, escapes (naturally), and that mid-air collision, which was... not intentional. But they caught it on film so rewrote the script to include it. Excerpts are on YouTube, including the dramatic scene below where Houdini – actually a stunt double, which is rather disappointing – lowers himself from one plane to another. The collision between the planes was... not intended, but they rewrote the script to include it. No one died or anything. This movie was believed lost for 96 years.




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Monday, August 26, 2019

Today -100: August 26, 1919: Of immigration bans and railroads


Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to extend the wartime control/ban on immigration for a year after the end of the war (whenever that might be), warning that foreigners “whose origin and affiliations make it inadvisable” that they enter the US are just waiting to swarm in. I’m not sure exactly what is meant by “origin.” Japanese? 

Wilson meets railroad unions to tell them that their demands for higher wages would just perpetuate inflation, so they should suck it. He denies that they even need a wage increase because of inflation, because inflation is just temporary and prices will come down, probably, just as soon as the Peace Treaty is ratified.


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Sunday, August 25, 2019

Today -100: August 25, 1919: The war to end all hyphens


The 8th Cavalry leaves Mexico, the trail of the bandit-kidnappers washed out by rain. It’s now confirmed that they entered Mexico right after it was known that the captured aviators had been safely ransomed, so this was always a punitive expedition rather than a rescue mission, as it was originally portrayed.

Headline of the Day -100:


In the ongoing theatrical strike, the Apollo Theatre in Atlantic City gets an injunction against the stage employees union. The musical comedy “Listen, Lester” can now go on.

20 or more German prisoners of war escape the stockade in Camp Sherman in Ohio, where they are still being held because the war is still officially on. It was a tunnel job. 18 are quickly recaptured.


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Saturday, August 24, 2019

Today -100: August 24, 1919: Of agitators, mutinies, shantungs, and hay


Headline of the Day -100: 


Obviously Bolshevik Russia and the IWW are behind any move for self-determination by oppressed peoples, and negroes would be perfectly content in their subordinate position but for blah blah blah.

300 British soldiers are arrested in Southampton after refusing to board ships bound for France. They suspect they would be sent to fight in Russia.

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee is happily rewriting the peace treaty, deciding that Shantung will go to China rather than Japan. This would mean reopening the whole negotiation process, which they know won’t happen. Still, it’s a weird, obscure issue to use as a poison pill. 

Headline of the Day -100:  



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Friday, August 23, 2019

Today -100: August 23, 1919: Of reich presidents and Texas for Texans only


Friedrich Ebert is sworn in as German Reichspräsident under the new Weimar Constitution. He will be succeeded in that office by Field Marshal von Hindenburg on his death in 1925 and then, you know, Hitler.

John Shillady, the (white) secretary of the NAACP is beaten on the streets of Austin, Texas, in broad daylight, by county Judge Dave Pickle, Constable Charles Hamby and others, who are now proudly bragging about the felony, and ordered to leave Texas. Shillady was in town to investigate the Texas Rangers’ interference with the NAACP; the assistant adjutant general tells him that organizations teaching racial equality are causing troubles between the races. The night before the beating, Shillady was arrested/kidnapped and a secret “court of inquiry” was held, which may or may not have been a real court, although it was presided over by a real judge, and it’s Texas, so “real court” is a relative term. Gov. William Hobby will tell the NAACP that Shillady was “the only offender” in the incident and tells the organization to stay out of Texas. He will further defend the mob action: “I believe in Texas for Texans only, and just as strongly do I believe that Texans should say how the affairs of the state should be conducted and I believe in sending any narrow-brained, double-chinned reformer who comes here with the end in view of stirring up racial discontent back to the North where he came from, with a broken jaw if necessary.” Shillady will resign from the NAACP next year.


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Thursday, August 22, 2019

Today -100: August 22, 1919: Well, everyone needs a hobby


Headline of the Day -100: 


The US Cavalry troops in Mexico kill four bandits. The only casualty on the US side is a cactus-related injury. Carranza asks the US to remove its troops from his country, please and gracias.

Headline of the Day -100:  


Sen. Albert Fall asked whether the US could just skip the whole peace treaty thing and go straight to declaring that a state of peace exists. 

A black man is lynched in Louisburg, North Carolina.


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Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Today -100: August 21, 1919: It ain’t over...


Japan will replace the military administration it has used to run Korea since conquering and annexing it with a civilian one and says it will treat Korea on the same footing as Japan itself... “in due course.” This is intended to shut up the independence movement but won’t. Even with the recent violent suppression of independence protesters, the rest of the world hasn’t much cared. When Korean exiles in the US, including future South Korean president Syngman Rhee, asked the State Dept for permission to travel to Paris to make their case to the Peace Conference, they were told to apply to Japan, since they were after all Japanese subjects now.

Congress overrides Wilson’s veto of the Daylight Saving repeal.

Headline of the Day -100: 


To be fair, he was a music publisher and asked her to sing (Beethoven).


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Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Today -100: August 20, 1919: Of incursions, battles at sea, and la la Lucilles


Troops from the 8th Cavalry cross into Mexico to look for the two captured aviators. Who were in the process of being released anyway, if I understand the timeline correctly. So now the troops are trying to find and “punish” the Villaista bandits who held them.

British Navy ships sink a Russian battle cruiser and a destroyer in the Gulf of Finland and bombard Kronstadt.

The Broadway strike continues to spread, shutting down “La La Lucille.” I’m enjoying the names of Broadway plays.


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Monday, August 19, 2019

Today -100: August 19, 1919: Of non-disasters, regents, beer, and gas


Headline of the Day -100: 


The Supreme Council of the Peace Conference won’t respond to Archduke Joseph’s request that he be recognized as regent of Hungary.

Headline of the Day -100:  


Pee as much as you like, guys.

Headline of the Day -100:  


After the last item, I think you know where I’m heading here...


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Sunday, August 18, 2019

Today -100: August 18, 1919: Women are determined to vote by 1920


The National Woman’s Party is putting pressure on governors and legislatures to hold special sessions to speed up ratification of the women’s suffrage Amendment. “Women are determined to vote by 1920,” says Alice Paul.

The new German constitution (aka the Weimar Constitution) is now in effect. Reichstag, popularly elected president, dialing down the dominance of the Imperial Council by Prussia, women’s suffrage, equal rights (i.e., no aristocracy), free speech, religion, etc.

Two US Army aviators went missing, but it’s okay, they’re safe in the hands of.... Mexican bandits, who would appreciate $15,000 to let them go. In gold.

Headline of the Day -100: 



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Saturday, August 17, 2019

Today -100: August 17, 1919: Of archdukes, foreign legions, and deliverances


Hungary: Archduke Joseph appoints a new cabinet. The Socialists refuse to join, so it’s just a bunch of “old reactionaries,” and the Entente will likely not accept it as a representative government. They also won’t accept Joseph trying to weasel his way into monarchical powers; he’s said fine he’ll just retire from public life then, he didn’t want to be king anyway, fine.

France is doing things in the occupied Rhineland that go beyond what’s allowed in the Peace Treaty, including recruiting for the French Foreign Legion and mandating that French be taught in elementary schools.

NYC’s subways, street cars and elevated trains are all going on strike. And the theatre strike is spreading.

Maybe a movie instead?


Featuring the actual Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan, playing themselves, in the latter part of the biopic. There are clips of it online.


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Friday, August 16, 2019

Today -100: August 16, 1919: Of hats in hands, insurance, spheres of influence, and daylight savings


Woodrow Wilson tells senators that if they fuck up the peace treaty, the US will have to go “hat in hand” to beg Germany for bilateral terms. That’s not as stupid as it sounds, since the US would have too few soldiers left in Europe to have a strong bargaining position.

The Cleveland Railways Company takes out a $10,110,000 insurance policy against riots.

Britain and Persia come to an agreement in which Britain will loan Persia $2 million in exchange for “influence” – control of its military and finances, that sort of thing. And yes, Britain knows that Persia has oil.

Woodrow Wilson again vetoes a bill repealing Daylight Savings. He says it may be inconvenient for the farmers, but the needs of industry are more important right now.


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Thursday, August 15, 2019

Today -100: August 15, 1919: Don’t spend it all in one place, Henry


Henry Ford’s libel suit against the Chicago Tribune reaches its conclusion, after three long months: he is awarded damages of 6¢ (and costs). So does that mean that Ford is an anarchist or that he isn’t, or...?

The US threatens Mexico with “a radical change in its policy with regard to Mexico” if American citizens keep getting killed there. Does that mean military intervention? The US ain’t sayin’.

Headline of the Day -100: 



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Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Today -100: August 14, 1919: Of cement trusts and Polish armies


The Justice Dept takes action against the “Cement Trust,” 19 cement companies that conspired to drive up the price of cement by 2 or 3 times.

Poland is creating a huge army supposedly to protect itself against possible invasion from Bolshevik Russia, and certainly not to grab a chunk of the Ukraine off a weakened Bolshevik Russia.


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Tuesday, August 13, 2019

Today -100: August 13, 1919: But I value my manhood above everything else


Headline of the Day -100: 


Even while the NYT’s usual “reliable” sources reliably predict the imminent reliable downfall of Bolshevism, the paper finally admits that Adm. Kolchak: The Night Stalker is in full retreat.

The peace deal, naturally, provided for the return of prisoners of war. But the Allies didn’t want Russian POWs being returned to Bolshevik Russia, so Germany still has ‘em. The German prison camps were taken over by the Allies, but now they’re handing them back to Germany, which really doesn’t feel like feeding 300,000 prisoners, and can’t just push them over the border into Poland.

Austria has been referring to itself as German Austria. The Peace Conference tells it to stop that and call itself the Republic of Austria.

Woodrow Wilson wants to use Secret Service detectives to track down food profiteers (but needs legislation to do so).

The theater strike reaches Chicago. George M. Cohan, vowing to fight the actors, quits the Friars Club: “The stage is my life, but I value my manhood above everything else.” The latest Broadway plays affected: “She Would and She Did,” “Too Many Husbands,” “A Bashful Hero,” “The Girl in the Limousine,” “The Great Illusion,” “Adam and Eva,” and “Nightie Night.”


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Monday, August 12, 2019

Today -100: August 12, 1919: Of carnegies, shantungs, chihuahuas, and the ancient rivalry between bears and leafs


Andrew Carnegie, steel tycoon and library nerd, once the richest man in America, dies at 83.

Woodrow Wilson rejects the Senate’s demands for data relating to his decision to acquiesce in Japan’s demand for Shantung, specifically the memo written by Gen. Tasker Bliss on behalf of himself, Secretary of State Lansing and others, objecting to that decision. Wilson rather comically denies that it was a “protest” because it was written before the decision was made by the peace conference, so how could they be protesting something that hadn’t happened? So Wilson won’t let the Senate see it, because it’s “confidential.” In fact, Bliss et al fiercely opposed implementing a treaty that China had only agreed to under strong coercion from Japan, saying it made a mockery of the 14 Points. Bliss came close to resigning.

Mexico executes 15 people accused of trying to foment a pro-Pancho Villa mutiny in Chihuahua.

Headline Which Might Be Interesting If It Weren’t About Fucking Baseball But It Is About Fucking Baseball of the Day -100: 



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Sunday, August 11, 2019

Today -100: August 11, 1919: Of fair prices, murder leagues, and mad artists


Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer asks war-time food administrators to form local Fair Price Committees to determine how much of the skyrocketing food price increases is excessive. He doesn’t intend to prosecute anyone, just shame them.

Sweden has arrested or detained 66 Russians believed to be part of a “political murder league” that’s been killing various Russian exiles.

Obituary of the Day -100: 


Rude. Blakelock had been in an asylum for 18 years, starting around the time he finally achieved some recognition as a painter. For years the doctors thought his belief that he was a famous artist was another sign of insanity. He also thought he was rich, which he was not, having sold most of his his paintings for negligible amounts. One of them (the top one below, I think, but I’m not sure since he painted a bunch of pictures he titled Moonlight) later set a record amount for a sale by an American artist, $20,000, 30 years after he’d sold it for $500.





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Saturday, August 10, 2019

Today -100: August 10, 1919: La commedia è finita


Sen. Joseph McCormick (R-Illinois), talking about the Chicago race riots, both-sides racial violence, condemning both lynchings in the South and blacks who moved to Chicago “whose truculence in public places invited resentment.”

New York County DA Edward Swann reminds the police commissioner that hand grenades are dangerous and that people selling them as souvenirs should be arrested.

Ruggero Leoncavallo, composer of the opera Pagliacci (1892), dies at 62. He based Pagliacci on a court case in which his father was magistrate. It was the first opera to be recorded uncut (1907) and the first one filmed uncut (1931).


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