Today -100: September 2, 1919: We’re for the Soviet all the while

Chicago police threaten to shut down a Communist convention if red flags are not removed and replaced by American flags. The NYT quotes a hymn sung at the convention:

Bolshevik, Bolshevik, Bolshevik - bang –
We are members of Gene Debs’s gang.
Are we rebels? We should smile;
We’re for the Soviet all the while.

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Today -100: September 1, 1919: Of the sincerity of Japan, spirits of aggression and cupidity, veeps, and lynchings

Japanese Prime Minister Hara Takashi says China completely misunderstands its intentions towards Shantung. “The day will arrive when China will come to comprehend the sincerity of Japan.”

Speaking of people who fail to comprehend the sincerity of Japan, which he accuses of a “spirit of aggression and cupidity toward Korea,” Syngman Rhee declares the Republic of Korea. He pointedly refers to the 14 Points and the US Declaration of Independence.

The traditional NYC Labor Day parade is cancelled due to the high cost of living, specifically the cost of costumes.

Woodrow Wilson celebrates Labor Day by asking unions not to strike because he’s pretty sure he’ll get inflation down any day now. And his vice president says that he can’t live within his salary and is considering striking. He does admit he is holding a job “which has so little labor connected with it,” but he worked hard in the past and so deserves a little breathing spell.

The race rioting (i.e., white people attacking black people) in Knoxville, Tennessee continues. Blacks break into pawn shops and hardware stores to acquire firearms and wind up in firefights with the National Guard, who have machine guns. And use them. Incidentally, during the initial incident yesterday, the mob not only tore the jail apart looking for a black man to lynch, they let all the white prisoners go.

A large mob in Boaglusa, Louisiana, lynch a black ex-soldier for allegedly attacking a white woman. His body is then dragged through the town tied to a car and burned.

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Today -100: August 31, 1919: Of race riots, sugar profiteers, wars on Jews, and dancing

“Lithuanian sources” (which seems to mean one railroad engineer, but if that isn’t a good enough source for a front page above the fold story, what is?) inform the NYT that an army of 40,000 Germans has assembled in Lithuania to invade Russia.

In Knoxville, Tennessee, a huge lynch mob is driven from the jail without seizing a black prisoner who’d been transferred to Chattanooga, so they go on a murderous rampage through the negro district, as was the custom, killing two.

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The American National Association of Masters of Dancing asks the Methodist Episcopal Church to lift its ban on dancing. The Masters stand for “decent” dancing and against jazz and “other music that tends to degrade or sensualize dancing.”

Now Playing: The Valley of the Giants, starring now-forgotten mega-star Wallace Reid, who was badly injured in a train wreck late in the filming, so the studio, Paramount, sent out a doctor to pump him with enough morphine to get him through it, as was the custom. Reid died a hopeless addict in 1923 at 31 years old. The film was lost for 90 years, when a print was discovered in Russia. It’s supposedly being restored by the Library of Congress.

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Today -100: August 30, 1919: Of anschlusses, treaties, and anxious Turks

The French are incensed that the new German constitution includes provisions for Austrian representation in the Reichstag, should it be annexed in the future.

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee continues to gleefully mutilate the Peace Treaty, giving the US greater representation (equal to that of Britain plus its colonies and self-governing dominions – Canada, South Africa, India, etc), banning those colonies & dominions voting on disputes in which their mother country is involved, etc.

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Today -100: August 29, 1919: I am tired out and am going fishing

Monroe Trotter, “Boston negro” of the National Equal Rights League, appears before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and demands a racial equality amendment to the Peace Treaty. He warns that if the injustice and oppression in the US continues, “our own country may not be free from a menace to the world’s peace.” Joseph Thomas of the National Race Congress asks the Committee to ensure that the US rather than France gets the League of Nations mandate for Kamerun. American blacks would go to Kamerun as teachers, policemen, etc. The Democrats on the Committee seem to have boycotted this session, and the Republicans didn’t bother to ask any questions of the black witnesses.

A mob in Ocmulgee, Georgia shoot a black man, Eli Cooper, in a black church, which they then burn down, along with other nearby black churches. Cooper was alleged to have been the leader of a plot for negroes to rise out and wipe out the white population.

Ole Hanson, Seattle’s anti-labor mayor, resigns, issuing an official statement: “I am tired out and am going fishing.”

South African Prime Minister Louis Botha, who led the Boer forces against Britain during the Boer War, dies at 56 of a heart attack following a bout of Spanish Flu. He will be replaced by Jan Smuts.

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Today -100: August 28, 1919: Of informal warnings and tobacco riots

Rear Admiral Mark Bristol, commander of the US naval forces in Turkey, tells Turkey to stop massacring the Armenians. When Turkey complains to Britain and France about being threatened, the US explains that this was merely an “informal” warning. Clemenceau complains that the US should only deal with Turkey through the allies’ Supreme Council, and anyway the US was never at war with Turkey and has dragged its feet about taking or rejecting a League of Nations mandate over Armenia.

The French riot over tobacco shortages, because the French.

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Today -100: August 27, 1919: Of borders, draftees, strikes, listening lesters, and Houdini

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee votes on party lines to strip the peace treaty of US obligations to participate in European matters such as the commissions drawing up the German-Belgian and other borders.

Last week Pres. Wilson met a delegation of parents of US soldiers currently stationed in Siberia, who demanded that draftees be brought home since they had been drafted for a war against Germany not Russia. Wilson now orders the return of draftees. He will send new recruits to replace them, so no easing off of the undeclared war against Bolshevik Russia.

The railway unions reject Wilson’s request not to go on strike and will poll their memberships.

The Justice Dept claims that “Russian Soviet interests” are funding newspapers for negroes in order to stir up racial antagonism.

Theater is still iffy. The stage hands at the Atlantic City production of “Listen, Lester” ignore that injunction and go on strike – after the first act.

So why not go to the movies?

Harry Houdini’s second movie, this one features thrills, escapes (naturally), and that mid-air collision, which was... not intentional. But they caught it on film so rewrote the script to include it. Excerpts are on YouTube, including the dramatic scene below where Houdini – actually a stunt double, which is rather disappointing – lowers himself from one plane to another. The collision between the planes was... not intended, but they rewrote the script to include it. No one died or anything. This movie was believed lost for 96 years.

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Today -100: August 26, 1919: Of immigration bans and railroads

Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to extend the wartime control/ban on immigration for a year after the end of the war (whenever that might be), warning that foreigners “whose origin and affiliations make it inadvisable” that they enter the US are just waiting to swarm in. I’m not sure exactly what is meant by “origin.” Japanese? 

Wilson meets railroad unions to tell them that their demands for higher wages would just perpetuate inflation, so they should suck it. He denies that they even need a wage increase because of inflation, because inflation is just temporary and prices will come down, probably, just as soon as the Peace Treaty is ratified.

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Today -100: August 25, 1919: The war to end all hyphens

The 8th Cavalry leaves Mexico, the trail of the bandit-kidnappers washed out by rain. It’s now confirmed that they entered Mexico right after it was known that the captured aviators had been safely ransomed, so this was always a punitive expedition rather than a rescue mission, as it was originally portrayed.

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In the ongoing theatrical strike, the Apollo Theatre in Atlantic City gets an injunction against the stage employees union. The musical comedy “Listen, Lester” can now go on.

20 or more German prisoners of war escape the stockade in Camp Sherman in Ohio, where they are still being held because the war is still officially on. It was a tunnel job. 18 are quickly recaptured.

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Today -100: August 24, 1919: Of agitators, mutinies, shantungs, and hay

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Obviously Bolshevik Russia and the IWW are behind any move for self-determination by oppressed peoples, and negroes would be perfectly content in their subordinate position but for blah blah blah.

300 British soldiers are arrested in Southampton after refusing to board ships bound for France. They suspect they would be sent to fight in Russia.

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee is happily rewriting the peace treaty, deciding that Shantung will go to China rather than Japan. This would mean reopening the whole negotiation process, which they know won’t happen. Still, it’s a weird, obscure issue to use as a poison pill. 

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Today -100: August 23, 1919: Of reich presidents and Texas for Texans only

Friedrich Ebert is sworn in as German Reichspräsident under the new Weimar Constitution. He will be succeeded in that office by Field Marshal von Hindenburg on his death in 1925 and then, you know, Hitler.

John Shillady, the (white) secretary of the NAACP is beaten on the streets of Austin, Texas, in broad daylight, by county Judge Dave Pickle, Constable Charles Hamby and others, who are now proudly bragging about the felony, and ordered to leave Texas. Shillady was in town to investigate the Texas Rangers’ interference with the NAACP; the assistant adjutant general tells him that organizations teaching racial equality are causing troubles between the races. The night before the beating, Shillady was arrested/kidnapped and a secret “court of inquiry” was held, which may or may not have been a real court, although it was presided over by a real judge, and it’s Texas, so “real court” is a relative term. Gov. William Hobby will tell the NAACP that Shillady was “the only offender” in the incident and tells the organization to stay out of Texas. He will further defend the mob action: “I believe in Texas for Texans only, and just as strongly do I believe that Texans should say how the affairs of the state should be conducted and I believe in sending any narrow-brained, double-chinned reformer who comes here with the end in view of stirring up racial discontent back to the North where he came from, with a broken jaw if necessary.” Shillady will resign from the NAACP next year.

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Today -100: August 22, 1919: Well, everyone needs a hobby

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The US Cavalry troops in Mexico kill four bandits. The only casualty on the US side is a cactus-related injury. Carranza asks the US to remove its troops from his country, please and gracias.

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Sen. Albert Fall asked whether the US could just skip the whole peace treaty thing and go straight to declaring that a state of peace exists. 

A black man is lynched in Louisburg, North Carolina.

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Today -100: August 21, 1919: It ain’t over...

Japan will replace the military administration it has used to run Korea since conquering and annexing it with a civilian one and says it will treat Korea on the same footing as Japan itself... “in due course.” This is intended to shut up the independence movement but won’t. Even with the recent violent suppression of independence protesters, the rest of the world hasn’t much cared. When Korean exiles in the US, including future South Korean president Syngman Rhee, asked the State Dept for permission to travel to Paris to make their case to the Peace Conference, they were told to apply to Japan, since they were after all Japanese subjects now.

Congress overrides Wilson’s veto of the Daylight Saving repeal.

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To be fair, he was a music publisher and asked her to sing (Beethoven).

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Today -100: August 20, 1919: Of incursions, battles at sea, and la la Lucilles

Troops from the 8th Cavalry cross into Mexico to look for the two captured aviators. Who were in the process of being released anyway, if I understand the timeline correctly. So now the troops are trying to find and “punish” the Villaista bandits who held them.

British Navy ships sink a Russian battle cruiser and a destroyer in the Gulf of Finland and bombard Kronstadt.

The Broadway strike continues to spread, shutting down “La La Lucille.” I’m enjoying the names of Broadway plays.

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Today -100: August 19, 1919: Of non-disasters, regents, beer, and gas

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The Supreme Council of the Peace Conference won’t respond to Archduke Joseph’s request that he be recognized as regent of Hungary.

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Pee as much as you like, guys.

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After the last item, I think you know where I’m heading here...

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Today -100: August 18, 1919: Women are determined to vote by 1920

The National Woman’s Party is putting pressure on governors and legislatures to hold special sessions to speed up ratification of the women’s suffrage Amendment. “Women are determined to vote by 1920,” says Alice Paul.

The new German constitution (aka the Weimar Constitution) is now in effect. Reichstag, popularly elected president, dialing down the dominance of the Imperial Council by Prussia, women’s suffrage, equal rights (i.e., no aristocracy), free speech, religion, etc.

Two US Army aviators went missing, but it’s okay, they’re safe in the hands of.... Mexican bandits, who would appreciate $15,000 to let them go. In gold.

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Today -100: August 17, 1919: Of archdukes, foreign legions, and deliverances

Hungary: Archduke Joseph appoints a new cabinet. The Socialists refuse to join, so it’s just a bunch of “old reactionaries,” and the Entente will likely not accept it as a representative government. They also won’t accept Joseph trying to weasel his way into monarchical powers; he’s said fine he’ll just retire from public life then, he didn’t want to be king anyway, fine.

France is doing things in the occupied Rhineland that go beyond what’s allowed in the Peace Treaty, including recruiting for the French Foreign Legion and mandating that French be taught in elementary schools.

NYC’s subways, street cars and elevated trains are all going on strike. And the theatre strike is spreading.

Maybe a movie instead?

Featuring the actual Helen Keller & Annie Sullivan, playing themselves, in the latter part of the biopic. There are clips of it online.

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Today -100: August 16, 1919: Of hats in hands, insurance, spheres of influence, and daylight savings

Woodrow Wilson tells senators that if they fuck up the peace treaty, the US will have to go “hat in hand” to beg Germany for bilateral terms. That’s not as stupid as it sounds, since the US would have too few soldiers left in Europe to have a strong bargaining position.

The Cleveland Railways Company takes out a $10,110,000 insurance policy against riots.

Britain and Persia come to an agreement in which Britain will loan Persia $2 million in exchange for “influence” – control of its military and finances, that sort of thing. And yes, Britain knows that Persia has oil.

Woodrow Wilson again vetoes a bill repealing Daylight Savings. He says it may be inconvenient for the farmers, but the needs of industry are more important right now.

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Today -100: August 15, 1919: Don’t spend it all in one place, Henry

Henry Ford’s libel suit against the Chicago Tribune reaches its conclusion, after three long months: he is awarded damages of 6¢ (and costs). So does that mean that Ford is an anarchist or that he isn’t, or...?

The US threatens Mexico with “a radical change in its policy with regard to Mexico” if American citizens keep getting killed there. Does that mean military intervention? The US ain’t sayin’.

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Today -100: August 14, 1919: Of cement trusts and Polish armies

The Justice Dept takes action against the “Cement Trust,” 19 cement companies that conspired to drive up the price of cement by 2 or 3 times.

Poland is creating a huge army supposedly to protect itself against possible invasion from Bolshevik Russia, and certainly not to grab a chunk of the Ukraine off a weakened Bolshevik Russia.

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