Today -100: July 15, 1926: Duels!

The number of duels has been increasing in Fascist Italy. Yesterday or the day before, Mussolini’s brother Arnoldo challenged some general. Today, Luigi de Alfonso, honorary consul-general of the Fascist militia, which is a rather odd title, fights former under-secretary to the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs Giuseppe Caradonna with sabers, getting rather slashed up.

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Today -100: July 14, 1926: Of war debt and foolish notions

A new dictator I was not expecting: Albert, King of the Belgians, is granted powers by the Chamber of Representatives to legislate by decree to deal with inflation, taxes, really anything economy-related, for six months. Even Socialist senators support this.

France and Britain come to an agreement on the former’s war debt to the latter. It’s quite lenient, cancelling 3/5 of France’s nominal debt, possibly Chancellor Winston Churchill setting an example for the US to follow with respect to Britain’s war debt to it. Britain did reject France’s attempt to link its annual payments (for 62 years) to the reparations it receives from Germany, though Churchill does say that if Germany defaults, he’ll reconsider France’s payments.

John D. Rockefeller Jr. refuses to let press photographers take pictures of his sons for fear it would put “foolish notions into their heads.”

Germany bans The Battleship Potemkin for being historically inaccurate in portraying Tsarist forces shooting innocent civilians during the 1905 Revolution. 

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Today -100: July 13, 1926: Of shells and Bells

In Dover, NJ, near the area affected by the ammunition depot explosions, a man allowed to return to his home (thought to be outside the danger zone) to pick up clothing finds a 60-pound shell which fell down the chimney and came to rest, without exploding, in his stove.

Elvia Carrillo Puerto stands for the Mexican Congress, loses. It seems likely that women aren’t legally allowed to hold office anyway. She had been elected to the Yucatán Congress in 1923, where women’s suffrage was enacted that year, but left the state in a bit of a hurry after her brother, the governor, was assassinated in 1924. Women got the vote national elections in 1953 (effective with the 1955 elections).

Chief movie censor Will Hays introduces a policy that no movie shall encourage “the slightest disrespect for law,” especially, well you can guess which law in particular. So, no scenes of drinking or liquor-manufacturing, and scenes of intoxication only if absolutely necessary for the plot.

Gertrude Bell,  archaeologist, “Orientalist,” adviser to British governments on Arab matters, mountain-climber, adviser to King Faisal, and a founder of the Women’s National Anti-Suffrage League, dies in Baghdad at 57 of an overdose of sleeping pills. Here’s a passage in her obit I could have done without: “Despite her adventuresome life, she remained charmingly feminine and old-fashioned and avoided publicity. No matter how strenuous her days of exploring were, it was said of her that she always dressed for dinner in a Rue de la Paix gown.”

Publisher Henry Holt & Co. admits removing chapters on evolution from the textbook Biology for Beginners in editions sent to Texas, in compliance with state rules.

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Today -100: July 12, 1926: Of boom booms and the ruin of France

Secretary of War Dwight Davis inspects the Lake Denmark, NJ ammunition depot, occasionally taking cover during ongoing explosions and wandering closer than seems prudent to unexploded shells near raging fires. He opines that when they rebuild (and locals have some opinions about that), depot buildings should be a little further apart.

In Paris 20,000 veterans of the Great War, led by cripples and the blind, march to protest the war debt settlement with the US, laying a marble plaque at the statue of George Washington in a subtle reminder of all the aid the French gave the US back in the day. The plaque reads in part, “After the deceptions of peace the proposed debt settlement would consecrate the ruin of France and the loss of her independence.” The government forbade the parade but couldn’t stop it.

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Today -100: July 11, 1926: A little song, a little dance...

Someone poisoned VP Charles Dawes’s new dog Merigo in Evanston. Not directed at him personally but part of a rash of dog-poisonings.

The Lake Denmark, NJ ammunition depot, the Navy’s largest, blows up real good. A lightning strike sets off millions of pounds of explosives, killing 19. The fire, which also destroys many buildings, is ongoing and the explosions, armor-piercing shells and the like, will continue for days. Windows were blown out miles away.

Similarly, a soda fountain explodes in Binghamton in a freak carbonation accident; two may die.

A Ku Klux Klan children’s home opens in Mannsville, NY.

Headline of the Day -100 For a Story I Definitely Won’t Be Reading:

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Today -100: July 10, 1926: Coup coup coup

Portugal has a coup against the coup government which came to power in the coup in May. President Gen. Gomes da Costa is arrested and will be banished to the Azores. He precipitated this coup by firing his ministers of foreign affairs, the colonies, and the interior; and several other ministers resigned in sympathy.

Some dude in clerical garb has been selling tickets to the Aimee Semple McPherson grand jury hearings for two bucks. There is, of course, no such thing as a ticket to a grand jury hearing.

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Today -100: July 9, 1926: Of radio, repeated moral delinquencies, haunted palaces, ideologies, embarrassed jurors, garrottings, and sheik nipples

The Justice Dept rules that Commerce Sec Herbert Hoover does not have the power to regulate radio without Congress giving him that power. There are 600 pending applications for new stations (and 530 existing stations) and not enough wavelengths, but now there’s no one to stop stations opening up anyway or to stop them using frequencies currently assigned to Canadian stations.

King Ferdinand of Romania says the reason Prince Carol renounced the throne last December was that Ferdinand forced him to because of his “repeated moral delinquencies” (i.e., he was fucking around).

The Polish Cabinet gives coup leader Marshal Józef Piłsudski use of the Belweder Palace, which is purportedly haunted. Piłsudski says he ain’t afraid of no ghosts.

Mexican elections are going on, along with violent clashes, as is the custom. 9 people including a congressional candidate are killed in Dolores Hidalgo, not the first one in this election cycle.

As the Italian lira continues to fall, Mussolini declares a one-year moratorium on knighthoods and other honors. Something about Italians having to live in a simpler fashion.

As the French franc continues to fall, Finance Minister Joseph Caillaux demands that his stabilization plan, which includes giving him lots of new powers and going ahead with the deal to pay off the war debt to the US, be fully implemented, or they’ll have to accept Socialist Party leader Léon Blum’s capital levy plan. “Ideology, ideology, your capital levy, Monsieur Blum!”

US Attorney Gen. John Sargent complains about people violating Prohibition laws; he’s not happy with people criticizing them either: “The authority he [the boozer] is defying in the one matter wherein his individual inclination differs with it is the same and only authority that stands between him and despotism of some one stronger than he.” Speaking at the dedication of a war memorial in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, he tells such Dry Law scoffers to “consider the effect of conduct more threatening to the nation and its institutions than any European nation ever was.” Soldiers, he says, “gave their lives for discipline, for obedience to law”. I wonder if they really knew that they were fighting the Hun for Prohibition?

In the federal trial in NYC of mobster Big Bill Dwyer for violations of those very Prohibition laws, they’re having difficulty finding jurors who aren’t personally opposed to Prohibition and who wouldn’t be “embarrassed” to sit on a jury.

Aimee Semple McPherson tells the LA County grand jury her story of her alleged abduction, after refusing to promise to keep her testimony secret. However, we don’t know, yet, what that testimony is. A nurse from the Arizona hospital at which ASM stayed after her reappearance says she sure didn’t look like she’d walked 20 miles through a desert; no sunburn, dehydration, etc.

Cuba has its first execution in 20 years. Salvador Aguilera, who murdered his aunt, is garroted. Two prisoners are assigned, or possibly volunteer, to be the executioners, in exchange for shorter sentences. One gets hysterical, the other is a black American, a veteran of the Battle of San Juan Hill in jail for robbery. Aguilera is left in the garrote 4 hours after his death, as was the custom. I did an image search on “garrote,” and I do not recommend it. The device was introduced to Cuba by the Spanish, because of course it was.

Rudolph Valentino’s film Son of the Sheik, a sequel to The Sheik, premieres.

Do you dare gaze upon my nipples?

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Today -100: July 8, 1926: Harpies preying on the peaceful, decent community are the worst kind of harpies

A Passaic, New Jersey “Citizens’ Committee” plans a campaign to counter the propaganda of the textile strikers (24 weeks into the strike), which claims that the workers live in poverty, the police are brutal, and the judges tyrannical. Can’t imagine where they got that idea. They describe strike leader Albert Weisbrod et al as “harpies preying on the peaceful, decent community” of Passaic and, naturally, as communists. Infant mortality is relatively low!, they brag. Weisbrod responds that the Committee members are charlatans, Ku Klux Klan members and “labor haters who have never raised their fingers to help the workers of Passaic and yet have fattened on the bodies of the workers for many years.”

Gen. Lincoln C. Andrews won’t step down as the head of federal Prohibition enforcement after all.

French Finance Minister Joseph Caillaux’s request for Parliament to grant him special powers to deal with the franc is not going over well.

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Today -100: July 7, 1926: Potatoes or elections?

As part of its economy program, the Italian government wants people to eat potatoes instead of pasta.

Oh, and it’s canceling elections for every level of government. 

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Today -100: July 6, 1926: In which is revealed what creates the character of the nation

At the Sesquicentennial Exposition, Pres. Coolidge says it is not “the enactment but the observance of laws that creates the character of the nation.” When you hear a statement like that and know that it’s about Prohibition even though he doesn’t say it’s about Prohibition, maybe you’ve just got a bad law on your hands. Coolidge is criticized for downplaying the role in the writing of the Declaration of Independence of Thomas Jefferson, whose ideas Coolidge says came from preachers.

I could  swear yesterday the NYT was describing the Ku Klux Klan’s Klorero (meeting or rally or  key party or something) on Long Island as a bust, but today 3,000 kluxers parade through Mineola, wearing the Klan bathrobe but not the mask, in oh so grudging obedience to New York law. Onlookers throw coins into flags held horizontally by women kluxers. Floats represent the Spirit of ‘76 and A Little Red Schoolhouse™, with the words “Keep the Bible in the Public Schools.” Cause you have to use something to prop up that uneven table leg, I guess.

A French mechanic invents a flying bicycle.

Pope Pius asks Catholics all over the world to pray for Mexico to stop persecuting Catholics on August 1st, which is the festival of... St. Peter-in-Chains (I don’t even want to know).

Mussolini follows the economy program he’s imposing on Italy by canceling his plans to visit parts of the country and colonies, calling them luxuries which can’t be afforded just now.

The BBC, which has begun John Reith’s task of deciding how English should be spoken, considers the voices of 90% of stage comedians unsuitable for broadcast. It does approve of the voices of the Prince of Wales and George Bernard Shaw, who read out one of his plays. If this makes you wonder what GBS sounded like, here’s a quite clear recording from 1929:

I’d call that accent Mid-Irish-Sea.

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Today -100: July 5, 1926: Of swimming Swedes, medicine balls, and assassinations

Even though the Republicans correctly fear losing House and Senate seats in November, Coolidge is likely to refrain from campaigning altogether.

Coolidge’s 54th birthday was on the 4th of July, by the way.

There have been a lot of drownings in Sweden of late (c.340 per year), so they’re taking harsh measures to force everyone to learn to swim: no teachers who can’t swim, no students (the article says boys, could that be true?) passing exams without also passing swim exams, no government officials who can’t swim, etc.

Crowds crowd (as crowds will do) the beaches at Coney Island and Atlantic City for the 4th. Gov. Al Smith visits Coney and “played with a medicine ball on the beach for a while.” I’ll bet he did, I’ll bet he did. Rather embarrassingly, the NYT names bathers who had to be rescued from drowning.

French police drop charges against 2 Spaniards they’d arrested for allegedly planning to assassinate King Alfonso, but retain charges for carrying false passports and real guns. Feels like there’s more to this story.

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Today -100: July 4, 1926: Your sister wears knickers

Mexico issues the Calles Decree, which confiscates church property; bans non-Mexican-born ministers from doing minister stuff; bans non-secular teaching and religious primary schools; bans proselytizing to minors; bans ministers from meeting together, in public or private; bans them wearing religious outfits or symbols when out and about; gives the government ownership of all the churches; bans ministers from complaining publicly about any of this and religious newspapers can’t comment on any of this. Plus a whole lot more. It goes into effect on the 31st.

Wayne Wheeler of the Anti-Saloon League begs the Senate committee investigating election spending not to release the names of the League’s donors.

London sees its first suffragist parade since the war, demanding the voting age be equalized between the sexes. Emmeline Pankhurst, Lady Rhondda, and MP Ellen Wilkinson participate.

Charles Ponzi, who was on the run but was evidently captured without it making the NYT, telegraphs Pres. Coolidge asking for clemency and to be deported to Italy, which he calls a “compromise.” He’s also cabled Mussolini for help.

Headline of the Day -100: 

In a “former” saloon in the Bronx, the victim casts aspersions on women who wear knickers. The Tennesseehoovian says My sister wears knickers and she is a good girl! It escalates from there.

Marshal Józef Piłsudski, the Polish dictator, was reported last week as resting in a sanatorium, but now says that was a ruse to cover for his carrying out an inspection of border troops. It’s unclear why such a ruse was required.

The French government rejects a request (it is not said from whom) to send the Mona Lisa to the Sesquicentennial Exhibition. 

Greek dictator Theodoros Pangalos proved unable to dictate the length of women’s skirts. His decree (issued January, I think) required skirts to be a maximum of 35 centimeters from the ground, with punishment falling on the father or husband of the offender. The decree wasn’t popular among women or indeed the police, who didn’t want to be in the skirt-measuring business, so 2 women skirt-measurers were hired. Then the cops arrested a woman who turned out to be the daughter of a Court of Appeal judge. Her trial was so unpopular that Pangalos has now rescinded the decree.

At the 2nd Nazi Party congress, the Grossdeutsche Jugendbewegung are renamed the Hitlerjugend.

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Today -100: July 3, 1926: Of vares, Rothschilds, and governors-generalses

Gen. Lincoln Andrews, the federal Dry Czar, threatens to resign if Congress doesn’t pass the laws he demands giving him way more powers. Congress rejected his plan to hire retired military officers for prohibition work (without affecting their retirement pay). The NYT says this is because congresscritters considered those jobs patronage fodder, but I can think of other reasons not to staff a policing agency with military types.

The Senate Rules Committee proposes banning any senator whose campaign spent more than $25,000 with their knowledge, including in the primary. This is aimed at Rep. William Scott Vare, Republican candidate for the Senate from Pennsylvania.

The French Chamber of Deputies refuses to seat Baron Maurice de Rothschild as deputy for the Hautes-Alpes Department because he spent too much money in his election in 1924. He’s been attending the Chamber since that election but without being allowed to vote. The campaign to unseat him was led by Communists. He’ll be re-elected anyway in October’s elections.

Governor General of Canada, Julian “Bungo” Byng dissolves Parliament, as he refused to do for Mackenzie king last week, after the Meighen government failed that confidence vote yesterday. Byng is criticized for letting many bills which were passed by Parliament lapse without royal assent, including 44 divorce bills. Mackenzie King and the Liberals will fight the election partly on the question of Canadian autonomy and Byng’s interference (Byng’s term of office expires shortly anyway).

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Today -100: July 2, 1926: Of tigers & confidence

NY Gov. Al Smith evidently has his own zoo at the governor’s mansion, including an increasingly aggressive “Tammany Tiger” which he can’t persuade any real zoo to take. So he has it shot.

In other news, Al Smith can go fuck himself.

The very new Canadian government of Arthur Meighen loses a vote of confidence in Parliament by one vote.

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Today -100: July 1, 1926: Women must fight their own battles

NY Gov. Alfred E. Smith, asked if he’ll be running for re-election in 4 months, says, “I am not going to think anything more about that for a while. ... This is vacation time.” Tammany Hall is considering Robert F. Wagner of the NY Supreme Court as a replacement if Smith doesn’t run.

Spain’s King Alfonso and Queen Victoria have been vacationing in France, where police thwart a plot to assassinate him.

So what happened to the car in which the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie were assassinated in 1914? Well, it was still in Sarajevo when the Great War broke out, so Yugoslavia wound up in possession of it and for a time the governor of Bosnia used it but after some incidents he decided it was haunted. A merchant bought it but also decided it was haunted and was driving to a possible buyer when it turned over and killed him. It then passed to a series of people and has now been bought for pennies by a Dr. Ragibkavara. Are you as skeptical about this story as I am? Good. (Update: Right, none of that is true. None of it.)

George Bernard Shaw, who has rejected invitations to address meetings in support of reducing the voting age for British women from 30 to 21, has his secretary respond, “Mr. Shaw desires me to say that women must fight their own battles. He is not to be lured into the ridiculous position of their male champion.” I respect that position but... imagine the speech he would give.

Fascist newspapers in Italy are praising the government order to reduce all newspapers to 6 pages, saying most journalism is just a waste of paper. Augusto Turati, Secretary General of the Fascist Party, says each province will have a single newspaper, “in which will be published the party’s orders, and the political acts of Fascism will be briefly illustrated. All the rest of the space will be devoted to things which are being constructed and work which is being carried out.” 

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Today -100: June 30, 1926: Headses or tails

Mussolini, worried about Italy’s balance of trade and determined to increase Italian production, orders the work day increased from 8 hours to 9. He also bans the building of more expensive houses for a year and cafes, bars, night clubs etc. indefinitely. Gasoline for cars will be mixed with wine. The newspapers which he hasn’t already banned will be restricted to 6 pages.

The Italian public prosecutor’s office finds no evidence that the Socialist former deputy Tito Zaniboni’s attempt to assassinate Mussolini last year was instigated by the Freemasons.

The Treasury will mint a Sesquicentennial half-dollar coin with portraits of Coolidge and Washington, the first time a living president will appear on a US coin. That was illegal then like it’s illegal now. I had assumed Mr. C. and Mr. W. would appear on opposite sides, but actually...

That really is terrible. Also, the Sesquicentennial celebrates the birth of the nation at the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and neither Washington nor Coolidge signed the Declaration of Independence. The Liberty Bell appears on the other side. 1 million of these things were minted, to be sold at the Exposition; 859,000 went unsold and were melted down.

New York Democrats are carefully scrutinizing the speech Gov. Al Smith gave at a dinner to determine whether he might be convinced to run for re-election 4 months from now.

Coolidge denies saying fishing is a sport only for youths.

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Today -100: June 29, 1926: Of Wing-Dings, vets, whips, and ironsides

The Governor General of Canada, Julian Byng, known, naturally, as “Bungo,” refuses Prime Minister Mackenzie King’s request to dissolve Parliament and call new elections. He is the first and last governor general to reject such a request. The most recent election was only last October and Byng thinks Arthur Meighen (C) should be allowed to try to form a government before there’s resort to another election. So King and his Cabinet, facing a motion of confidence over bribe-taking in the Customs Department and other scandals, resign. Meighen will try to form a Conservative government backed by only a plurality in Parliament (King’s Liberals have been ruling in a shaky coalition with the Progressives).

This is called the King–Byng Affair, or the King–Byng Wing-Ding. Those wacky Canadians.

The Senate passes a bill amending the World War Veterans’ act to provide hospitalization benefits for women veterans and nurses from the Spanish-American War in private hospitals, since VA hospitals are men-only.

The Educational Committee of the Prussian Diet rejects a Socialist motion to abolish corporal punishment in schools. Failing that, they tried to abolish it for girls. Then for 6-year-olds. But Prussians love them some whipping.

During the filming of “Old Ironsides,” a Wallace Beery film (with Boris Karloff in what I assume is a small role) which I haven’t seen but which is available on Tubi, a cannon explodes, destroying the masts, sending six extras falling to the deck. One is dead.

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Today -100: June 28, 1926: Wait, and hear me out, what if we use the Navy to protect the negro’s ballot?

Gen. Manuel Gomes da Costa, the leader of last month’s coup in Portugal, declares himself supreme ruler. All political prisoners will be exiled.

The NAACP launches a $1m fund to fight Jim Crow laws. NAACP Exec. Sec. James Weldon Johnson says “The federal government will use a navy to prevent a man from taking  a drink, but will not empower a deputy marshal to protect the negro’s ballot.”

The manufacture of horsewhips dropped 58.5% in 1925 over 1923.

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Today -100: June 27, 1926: Of gold, kluxers v. gypsies, and parole

Incoming French Finance Minister Joseph Caillaux sacks Georges Robineau, the governor of the Banque de France who opposed the use of France’s gold reserves to defend the franc. Caillaux says Robineau had often expressed a desire to retire; Robineau denies this.

Austrian Socialist MPs stalk out of Parliament to protest it electing Anton Rintelen, the former governor of Styria, as minister of education, calling him a fascist, which is not wrong.

A group in Klan kostumes shoot up a Gypsy camp in Westchester Cty, New York.

New York criminals are hastily pleading guilty to get into Sing Sing before Wednesday, when parole laws change.

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Today -100: June 26, 1926: Atlantis located, without even the benefit of Google Maps

Republicans are in disarray over Congress’s failure to pass a bill to aid farmers. Coolidge supports the Fess plan, involving aid to a cooperative marketing bureau, which is dead in the water.

German archaeologist Prof. Paul Borchardt says he’s figured out where Atlantis was: the Sahara Desert in Tunisia. It sank in an earthquake. Before that, it went to war with Egypt or something, dunno, stopped reading.

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Today -100: June 25, 1926: Let the males have one place in the country where they can live in peace

Spain arrests 30 lawyers, journalists, army officers, etc. Evidently a conspiracy has been uncovered to... issue a manifesto calling for the restoration of constitutional rights.

The Senate Campaign Fund Investigating Committee questions Pittsburgh Police Superintendent Peter Paul Walsh, who admits having ordered detectives to get out the vote for John Stuchell Fisher and George Pepper, the Republican candidates for governor & US Senate respectively. And by “admits,” I mean Walsh lies about it until the letter he wrote to the Detective Bureau inspector is read out to him. And when I say “wrote,” he insists, “I did not write it Senator. The stenographer wrote it, but I signed it.” “And you dictated it?” “Yes sir.” (The letter, by the way, was stolen from the Detective Bureau by some whistleblower and delivered to the Committee). He claims neither candidates’ campaigns asked him to issue that order. The Committee has also been examining the large amounts of money the Anti-Saloon League inserted into the primaries.

The British House of Lords rejects by a vote of 125 to 80 a measure to allow peeresses to sit in the Lords.  “Let the males have one place in the country where they can live in peace,” exclaims Baron Banbury. Lord Cecil notes that the claim that women aren’t up to the physical strains of being a Member of Parliament hardly applies to the Lords.

Britain’s oldest general is Sir George Higginson, age 100, Crimean War vet.

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Today -100: June 24, 1926: Maybe someone got him a beard for his birthday

Evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson reappears. Believed to have drowned in the ocean a month ago, she claims to have actually been kidnapped and drugged and held for ransom in a shack in Mexico, then escaped when her kidnappers left her by herself. There are plenty of details I won’t go into, but there’s a good chance this is total horseshit.

Aristide Briand forms a government. The finance minister will be Joseph Caillaux for the umpteenth time.

Italy threatens to stop participating in the League of Nations unless anti-Fascist meetings are banned in Geneva. Swiss Foreign Minister Giuseppe Motta points out that a recent incident was caused by Fascists trying to disrupt an anti-Fash meeting.

Edward, Prince of Wales turns 32. “At the same age King Edward [VII] had a beard and was a father.” He goes to a horse show, as was the custom.

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Today -100: June 23, 1926: In the long run

Philadelphia Mayor Freeland Kendrick, who is also president of the Sesquicentennial Exposition, denies the Ku Klux Klan a parade license and bans them from using the Sesquicentennial Auditorium. Kleagle Paul Winter says “They will pay in the long run, all right.”

Someone else who won’t be participating: Bishop Joseph Berry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who resigns from the Exposition committee because it will be open on Sundays such as July 4th.

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Today -100: June 22, 1926: Of taxes & budgets

Coolidge says it will be a while before taxes can be reduced again, even as budget cuts, with more budget cuts planned, are increasing the size of the surplus, because who knows what could happen by 1928. I mean, who even knows?

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Today -100: June 21, 1926: Gross ingratitude is the worst kind of ingratitude

Édouard Herriot fails to form a new French government; Aristide Briand gets another chance.

There’s a “riot” in Garfield, New Jersey, where the (Passaic-area) textile strike is in its 21st week. And by riot I mean cops attack a crowd that refuses their order to disperse. The crowd gets especially riled when the cops arrest a woman with 3 children, including a baby. The Garfield police have been recruiting special policemen, but the majority refuse to take their oath upon finding that the pay is only $23 a week.

The German referendum to confiscate the property of former ruling families in Prussia and other states (4 kings, 6 grand dukes, 5 dukes, 7 princes, etc) receives 96% of the vote, but the turnout is only 39%; 50% is required. So the monarchists win by boycotting the vote. A private letter from Pres. Paul von Hindenburg “leaked,” calling the measure “a deplorable lack of traditional feelings and an act of gross ingratitude.” Many people thought his intervention unseemly.

British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin’s son Oliver comes out as a Spiritist. He’s seen ghosts and everything.

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Today -100: June 20, 1926: Makin’ beer

Rep. Fiorello La Guardia makes some beer in his D.C. office by combining two legal products, a near-beer and a malt extract, to create beer with a 2.84% alcohol content, and giving it out. Experts pronounce the beer fine, but the Prohibition Unit says you’d get sick well before you got inebriated, something about solids.

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Today -100: June 19, 1926: In which is revealed what offends the moral sense

Stuff I should have been talking about earlier: The Pennsylvania elections this month, specifically the Republican gubernatorial and US Senate primaries, which in this very Republican state are the only ones that matter, were tremendously corrupt and tremendously expensive. They’re being investigated by the Senate. Gifford Pinchot, term-limited out of the governor’s office, lost the Republican primary for US Senate to Rep. William Scott Vare, but I’m sure there’ll be no hard feelings. American Federation of Labour Pres. William Green is pissed that someone forged a letter of him endorsing John Stuchell Fisher for governor; the Fisher campaign paid for an ad in the Pittsburgh Gazette-Times featuring the forgery.

A NYT editorial thinks the candidates (at least Pepper & Vare) were unaware of what was going on, placing the blame on the donors: “what offends the moral sense [is] the spirit in which rich men set out to win a political contest by means of long purses. ... the callous indifference, the sublime unconsciousness of doing anything wrong ... The real Pennsylvania scandal is the fact that Pennsylvania did not seem to know that it was doing anything scandalous.”

The leader of last month’s coup in Portugal, Gen. Manuel Gomes da Costa, fires Adm. José Mendes Cabeçadas, who the coup leaders appointed president & prime minister. Gomes da Costa will take both posts as well as minister of war. Martial law is declared.

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Today -100: June 18, 1926: Excessive offensive American propaganda is the worst kind of propaganda

Spanish Foreign Minister José de Yanguas says Spain will withdraw from the League of Nations since it turned out to be “an organization of war.”

Brown University is no longer Baptist; trustees and the U. president will no longer be required to be Baptist.

Australian censors ban King Vidor’s film The Big Parade for “excessive offensive American propaganda.”

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Today -100: June 17, 1926: Not everyone loves a parade

More voters in Ridgewood, New Jersey cast ballots in a referendum on a “mutt ordinance” which drops the inoculation requirement but bans unvaccinated dogs outside unless muzzled than voted in the congressional, Assembly or coroner races. The mutt ordinance passes. In other news, “mutt ordinance” is just fun to say. Mutt ordinance mutt ordinance mutt ordinance.

The Soviet Union has supposedly made a grant of $10,000 to the Pasteur Institute in French Guinea for an attempt at artificial hybridization of the human and anthropoid species, to prove evolution. Um, okay. This news comes from Detroit lawyer Howell England of the American Association for the Advancement of Atheism (if you were wondering what comes after Alcoholics Anonymous and the American Automobile Association), who says Dr. F. G. (Francis Graham) Crookshank, author of The Mongol in Our Midst, thinks orangutans can breed with the yellow race, gorillas with the black race, and chimps with the white race, producing fertile hybrids.

Mayor Frank Hague of Jersey City refuses the Ku Klux Klan a parade permit. He says their demonstrations usually lead to rioting. Mayor Harvey Kistler of Niles, Ohio also refuses to issue kluxers a parade permit.

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Today -100: June 16, 1926: Had I fired I should not have missed

American Impressionist painter Mary Cassatt, who lived most of her life in France, dies at 82. Do the words “created a type of sturdy wholesomeness and naturalness” make you eager to seek out her work?

Another death of note: Catherine Evans, 91 or possibly 81, an actress who played the maid in “Our American Cousin” the night Lincoln was shot and therefore witnessed the assassination..

French Prime Minister Aristide Briand and his Cabinet resign, as was the custom (this was his 9th or 11th or something premiership, who can keep count), because of the franc’s fall.

The Coast Guard fires on the yacht of millionaire Arthur Curtiss James (the NYT identifies him as a former commodore, without noting that his commodorial service was in the New York Yacht Club) in the Long Island Sound, mistaking it in the fog for a rum-runner.

Not sure when the duel between Poland’s former PM Count Aleksander Skrzyński and Gen. Count Stanisław Szeptycki changed from the planned sword fight to pistols at 15 paces. The general fires first, missing, but Skrzyński refuses to shoot. “I shall not resort to this stupid, inconclusive and barbaric method of settling a quarrel which has been forced upon me.” He slightly undercuts this by adding “Had I fired I should not have missed. But I don’t care to do so.” By the way, the general tried to avoid the duel which he provoked, but was forced to go through with it by a “court of honor,” which is a thing.

The estate of the late Lucien Warner is much reduced because of write-offs as the result of the decline in popularity of the product his firm manufactured, corsets.

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Today -100: June 15, 1926: Boy, there’s a Brazilian joke here somewhere

Headline of the Day -100:

Some dude named Gary, probably. 

Brazil does indeed resign from the League of Nations, effective in two years by LoN rules.

Catherine Scott, who planned to raise funds for her husband’s insanity defense by fasting in a glass cage, is stopped by the police under a law forbidding the exhibition of the results of crime.

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Today -100: June 14, 1926: Of army chiefs, falling ceilings and parades

Marshal Józef Piłsudski, who led that coup in Poland, cements his power-behind-the-throne position, being granted the status of Commander in Chief of the Armies for life rather than War Minister, so not removable by the government or Parliament or anybody.

The White House roof is in danger of falling down, Coolidge’s church’s plaster is falling down, and the movie theater in which that church is now holding services also has pieces come crashing down during services. Someone is trying to tell Coolidge something.

At the Sesquicentennial Exposition in Philadelphia (have we heard Trump say the word semiquincentennial yet?), the governors of the original 13 colonies will meet today and watch a parade. But is there even a cage match?

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Today -100: June 13, 1926: Of escape schemes, fasters, voting ages, and buttons

Charles Ponzi, who was supposed to be reporting to prison, has disappeared.

Mexico bans teachers & professors from participating in politics.

While her husband Russell Scott’s mental state is being evaluated in Chicago to determine if he can be executed for killing a drug store clerk during a hold-up (he was found insane, then he was found sane, and now there’ll be another hearing), wife Catherine is raising funds by fasting in a glass cage and charging admission.

The Bavarian Diet raises the voting age for state & local elections to 25, the Judiciary Committee asserting that youths take little or no interest in politics until they have family responsibilities. The voting age for federal elections, which is set by the federal government, remains at 21.

At the annual Mennonite conference, the younger generation call for end to the ban on buttons.

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Today -100: June 12, 1926: Of smuggling, strike funds, chimneys, and opium

An American Express employee tries to smuggle 13 ancient paintings out of Italy in the baggage of Cardinal Bonzano, who the smugglers figured wouldn’t notice that he was now traveling with 24 trunks instead of 23. The cardinal is “evidently annoyed at the attempt to use the Vatican mission to defraud the Italian Government.”

Britain complains to the Soviet Union about it having sent funds to support the General Strike™. They’re still sending money to the striking miners, so there may be another jolly stern note about that. The Soviet government replies that it has never contributed to any British strike funds, neglecting to add that it’s official Soviet unions which are doing so. The secretary of the miners’ union points out that American miners have also sent money but no one’s bitching about that.

The Coolidges will delay White House repairs, which will necessitate the family moving out, until next March when Congress disbands, despite the imminent danger of the roof falling on their heads. Cal wants civilian engineers to look at it because “army engineers would want to tear down the White House to repair a  chimney.”

India will end the export of opium, except for medical purposes, by stages by 1935.

Rabies is spreading in the Moscow region.

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Today -100: June 11, 1926: Of prohibition and Fascists fashing

House Republicans don’t plan to move forward at this time with the Coolidge Admin’s bill to tighten Prohibition enforcement and penalties.

Fascist Italy closes all local news agencies, leaving just 2 or 3 of “proved moral and financial integrity.”

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Today -100: June 10, 1926: Why bother with the roof when a big beautiful ballroom is so desperately needed?

The Coolidges will have to vacate the White House for at least 6 months while the roof is replaced. It hasn’t been decided where they’ll be living during that period.

One result of the coup in Poland: deposed former PM Count Aleksander Skrzyński will fight a duel, with sabers and everything, with Gen. Count Stanisław Szeptycki, who refused to shake hands at the Cracow Club. Except the general’s seconds reversed their acceptance of the duel, so now he’ll be fighting those two seconds and his own seconds. Which is a lot of duels.

Rep. W.J. Sears (D-Florida) narrowly defeats a primary challenge from Ruth Bryan Owen, William Jennings Bryan’s daughter.

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Today -100: June 9, 1926: Of liberties, bunk, and smoking

Cook County (Chicago) Sheriff Peter Hoffman begins a one-month contempt-of-court sentence for having, in his role in running the county jail, granted special liberties to gangsters Terry “Machine Gun” Druggan and Frankie Lake. I’m not sure what those liberties were besides being allowed to come and go from the jail, but that seems like kind of a big one. Alliterative Warden Wesley Westbrook, who like Hoffman took large bribes from the Valley Gang, will also go to jail, and yes, it’s the same jail. In fact, Hoffman will still be sheriff while incarcerated, presumably with authority over the jail, but he’ll resign in December. 

NY Supreme Court Justice Aaron Levy grants an injunction against the citizens’ play jury order that The Bunk of 1926, a musical revue written by Gene Lockhart (father of June Lockhart and performed as the second Willie Loman in the original run of Death of a Salesman) be closed because it is “incurably objectionable.” The jury has no legal power to close a play, but their ruling resulted in Actors’ Equity banning its actors performing in it. Producer Ramsey Wallace points out that 8 of the 11 jurors “are named in the Social Register and they take it upon themselves to decide arbitrarily what the masses shall see and approve.” The play will close on the 19th, it’s not clear why, or indeed what was so incurably objectionable.

Gen. Erich von Ludendorff’s wife Margarethe recently filed for divorce. He responds, blaming the breakdown of their marriage on her smoking. He thinks women shouldn’t be allowed to smoke.

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Today -100: June 8, 1926: Of councils and the integrity of the entire Constitution

Brazil, pissed at not getting a permanent seat on the League of Nations Council, stops participating in the League and is threatening to pull out altogether. Spain may follow.

A gathering of Dry groups (the Prohibition Party, the Anti-Saloon League, the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, etc) pick former 1-term Republican member of the NY State Senate Franklin Cristman to run against US Sen. James Wadsworth (R). Cristman telegraphs back his acceptance, saying there should be one candidate who stands for the integrity of the entire Constitution, meaning of course the 18th Amendment.

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Today -100: June 7, 1926: It’s not his fault and he is a poor man

Meyer London, three-time Socialist member of Congress, is hit by a car and dies at Bellevue at 54. His last concern is that the driver (who had taken him to the hospital) not be punished: “It’s not his fault and he is a poor man.”

In other car accident news, Hugo Eckener, head of the Zeppelin Company, gets in a crash in Berlin (oh the humanity). Heyward Cutting, who introduced the automobile to Mongolia, dies when his tire bursts on Long Island. And King George V and Queen Mary’s “royal car” knocks down a woman bicyclist. “The King afterward sent a messenger to inquire about her condition.” Didn’t drive her home though.

Cannibalism in Siberia?

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Today -100: June 6, 1926: Those who like that sort of thing

David Lloyd George says in a speech at the Manchester Reform Club, “I have no intention to accept my dismissal from the Liberal Party.”

French scientist Charles Henry claims to have worked out the laws of catalysis and says he’ll soon figure out how to run cars on water.

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Today -100: June 5, 1926: Easy To Reach, Hard To Leave

French Prime Minister Aristide Briand tells the International Woman Suffrage Alliance congress he is a “convinced feminist.” Briand is a bachelor, the NYT points out.

Westchester County, NY has a contest for a new slogan. The $100 winner comes up with “Easy To Reach, Hard To Leave.” Some Westchesterhoovians point out that this might bring to mind that one of the delights at their county is Sing Sing.

The US embassy in Buenos Aires was bombed a couple of weeks ago. Now, it’s the turn of the Legation in Montevideo. Both are believed to be means of registering objections to the death sentences on Sacco and Vanzetti, although I haven’t seen strong evidence of that.

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Today -100: June 4, 1926: I thought every one would realize that it was only fiction

The Senate Judiciary subcommittee that held all those hearings on prohibition recommends shelving every single bill introduced to modify the Volstead Act or to modify or repeal the 18th Amendment, and it says there’s no legal authority for holding a national referendum on Prohibition.

In 1924 The Diary of a Young Lady of Fashion in the Year 1764-5, by Cleone Knox, Edited by Her Kinsman and Descendant, Alexander Blacker Kerr, was published, an account by a young lady of her travels Europe and her scandalous love life in the 18th Century. Widely praised for offering insight into the period, it turns out the book was a hoax, perpetrated by Magdalen King-Hall, the then 19-year-old daughter of Adm. Sir George Fowler King-Hall. “I thought every one would realize that it was only fiction,” she says. No one did. She went on to write many other novels.

The Esperanto Congress in Madrid offers a cash prize for the best translation of Don Quixote into Esperanto.

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Today -100: June 3, 1926: Of maimed veterans and casinos

Congress recently passed the sensitively named Maimed Veterans Act, which leads the Pension Bureau to check its records and turn up a 79-year-old Civil War vet who’s been paid under the rates for slightly disabled veterans instead of completely blind ones (he caught some eye disease on sentry duty in 1864). He’ll get the additional benefits going forward and the ones he should have gotten since 1904.

Former kaiser Wilhelm objects to his palace on Corfu, which was confiscated by Greece during the Great War but which he says he still owns, being turned into a casino. It will actually not become a casino except in a James Bond film.

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Today -100: June 2, 1926: Of intellectual freedoms and animal dogmas

Former Prime Minister David Lloyd George is more or less expelled from the Liberal Party by H.H. Asquith (aka the Earl of Oxford and Asquith) for having written a letter during the General Strike™ that was a little more sympathetic to the strikers than the Liberal leaders, who backed the Baldwin government’s hard-line position. Asquith is claiming that LG’s failure to attend a meeting of the Shadow Cabinet amounted to a resignation.

Ignacy Mościcki is elected president of Poland following Józef Piłsudski’s refusal of the post yesterday. He’ll be a sock-puppet president for the military until 1939.

The Tennessee Supreme Court hears the appeal of the Scopes Monkey Trial conviction. Clarence Darrow calls for the “intellectual freedom of man,” while K.T. McConnico, for the state, calls on the Court to resist “sinister and unclean” efforts to teach “this animal dogma.”

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Today -100: June 1, 1926: Antifa New York City 1926

The Polish National Assembly elects coup leader Gen. Józef Piłsudski president, but he declines, for now. The idea seems to be that he wants the office to be granted dictatorial powers before he graciously consents to take it.

A Memorial Day parade in NYC is immediately followed by a parade, in black shirts, no less, of the Fascio Benito Mussolini (that’s an organization), which has a permit and everything. The Fascists are booed and jeered by onlookers, some of them are of Italian extraction. Police attack the anti-fascists.

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Today -100: May 31, 1926: Of coups, rich people, maledict courses, bands & bobs

The coup in Portugal succeeds in ousting the government, which resigns. There is supposedly no bloodshed. The coupsters say they want to form a democratic government (Spoiler Alert: they won’t) and save the country from politicians.

In front-page rich people with rich-people names dying while doing rich-people things news, NY banker Royall Victor drops dead while yacht-racing and NY insurance dude Elbridge Gerry Snow III is in a coma (from which he won’t recover) after a polo accident.

Sen. William Borah (R-Idaho), who hopes to ride a Prohibitionist wave into the White House in ‘28, addressing the Presbyterian General Assembly in Baltimore, attacks the states like New York which have no state law for Prohibition enforcement. “Whether sold in the open saloon or the brothel, its natural haunt, or secretly purveyed in defiance of law, the wicked stuff works its demoralization and ruin to individuals, communities and states. ... From the time it issues from the coiled and copper-colored worm in the distillery until it empties in the hell of crime, dishonor and death, misery and poverty and remorse mark its maledict course.” And people ignoring the dry law, whoa: “To disregard our Constitution, to evade it, to nullify it, while still refusing to change it, is to plant the seeds of destruction in the heart of the nation, is to confess before the world that we have neither the moral courage nor the intellectual sturdiness for self-government.” 

Germany says the Treaty of Versailles’s ban on foreign troops at the Rhine means it has to revoke permission for a Swedish military band to perform at Düsseldorf.

The big story in Kentucky this week is that a woman, Martha Bates, was sentenced to 40 days for slapping a Rev. Arlie Brown who criticized women who bob their hair. Gov. W.J. Fields defends her actions and orders her released. Bates says she told Brown that it’s not hair that makes the woman.

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Today -100: May 30, 1926: If you do not heed what I say, you will learn to feel my switch

Marshal Józef Piłsudski tells a meeting of top Polish politicians, demanding he be given dictatorial powers, “If you do not heed what I say, you will learn to feel my switch.” He does say that they’re free to pick another candidate for president. Well, free-ish: “You can elect whom you want, but I will decide if your choice is right. If not, the street will be heard from.” As president, he would want the Diet to grant him extraordinary powers, and then suspend itself for a year.

Texas’s former governor James Ferguson calls his wife’s competitor for governor, Attorney Gen. Dan Moody, “a blowed-up sucker and a gone fawnskin.” I think he’s just making up insults now. This was at a campaign event in Sulphur Springs, at which the actual candidate, “Ma” Ferguson, read off a short speech, which was followed by her husband’s lengthy “harangue.”

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Today -100: May 29, 1926: Of coups, tests of eugenics, and bombs

A military revolt begins in Portugal.

9,000 Slovak fascists meet and swear to fight for Slovak autonomy and the Catholic church. They want only the Slovak language to be used in elementary schools.

The International Woman Suffrage Alliance refuses to allow the National Woman’s Party to join.

The city of Berlin will open a bureau to give couples advice on whether they’re healthy enough to get married and breed. “This is the first real test of the eugenics theory to be tried out in Germany.” But not the last.

Asa Bartlett, head of the Blue Lake Township, Michigan Ku Klux Klan and town constable, is arrested for sending a package bomb to the home of town Supervisor August Krubaech. The bomb killed Krubaech, his 19-year-old daughter, and her fiancé. Bartlett will serve 36 years in prison before his sentence is commuted. He will die in 1982 at 85 years old.

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Today -100: May 28, 1926: Of bodies of representatives of different points of view, coal, pickles, and poles

Two competing American groups, the League of Women Voters and the National Woman’s Party, show up at the big International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) meeting in Paris. The League really really really doesn’t like the more radical NWP and says that the latter “is not a body of representatives of different points of view who meet to develop a common political theory,” which seems an odd argument to make about a group whose, you know, different points of view you’re trying to exclude altogether. Also, Britain, Holland, Romania & France are each already represented by multiple groups. A decision will be made tomorrow.

French suffragists hope this conference will spur the women’s suffrage cause in France. It won’t.

With the coal miners strike still going, Britain imposes rationing. Householders will need a permit to buy coal and then only 100 weight, which is the equivalent of who knows what, per fortnight. Lack of coal is limiting or shutting down factories and railways. Street lights are ordered shut off.

Headline of the Day -100:

3 cans of pickles fell on her in a New Jersey market. And for some reason her husband got $1,000.

Boy, everyone’s looking for Poles today

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Today -100: May 27, 1926: Of princes in prisons and rifs

Hungarian Prince Louis Windisch-Graetz is convicted in the counterfeiting-for-coups case. He and Police Chief Imre Nádosy are sentenced to 4 years and a fine of 10,000 gold crowns, which is the equivalent of some money. Both will be amnestied in 1928. Other participants receive shorter sentences.

The NYT notes that Prince Louis had a lot of fun in “the dives of New York City.”

Abd el-Krim surrenders to the French ending 5 years of war over the Rif in Morocco, first with Spain, then France. He will be exiled to Réunion for 21 years before escaping.

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