Today -100: September 15, 1915: Of prohibition, hesperians, crown princes, and idiots & irresponsibles

A South Carolina referendum decides 2 to 1 in favor of prohibition.

Germany is vehemently and officially denying that the Hesperian was sunk by a German sub. Which it was. When they were making that claim a week ago it could have been down to irregular communications with u-boats, but after this much time, they have to just be lying, presumably because the sub that torpedoed the Hesperian was the same one that sunk the Lusitania.

Fog of War (Rumors, Propaganda and Just Plain Bullshit) of the Day -100: the German crown prince is said to have gone insane during the Argonne campaign but refuses to give up his command.

The Anglo-French Commission is planning to float a $1 billion loan in the US to pay for munitions and other American war-related exports. The Wilson Administration is quietly looking the other way. German-Americans are threatening to withdraw funds from any banks, for example in heavily German Milwaukee, participating in the loan.

The Detroit Free Press accuses Austria of subsidizing German-, Hungarian-, and Polish-language newspapers in the US.

Henry Morgenthau, the US ambassador to Turkey, wants to raise a fund of $1 to $5 million to save Armenians from the genocide and bring them to the US.

Samuel Gompers of the American Federation of Labor urges organized labor to fight for women’s suffrage. “Women cannot assume equal rights with men in the industrial struggle while classified with idiots and irresponsibles in political affairs.” Donald Trump supporters?

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Today -100: September 14, 1915: A German, even though every kindness be shown to him, remains always a German

Headline of the Day -100: 

Revolution? Unpossible!

It seems there are many who believe that Russia is doing so badly in the war because of German influence in the government. Also, the officials responsible for procuring munitions have prioritized maximizing procuring bribes, often 10% of the value of the contracts, for themselves. It would also help if they checked that the shells they were buying fit Russian cannons rather than German ones, as was the case with those sent to Warsaw right before it fell.

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She says as a Dane she’s hated the Germans since they took Schleswig-Holstein, but just had to keep quiet, even when German immigrants were given high positions. “A German, even though every kindness be shown to him, remains always a German.”

Thomas Edison wins a contract to supply the Navy with 365 gun-firing batteries (one for every day of the year, I guess) for battleships. He was the only bidder willing to accept the government terms that if a battery fails within 8 years he has to refund double its price.

The Swedish Socialist Party expels several members who wrote a book advocating that Sweden fight on the side of Germany.

Opening on Broadway: Hit-the-Trail Holliday, by George M. Cohan, starring Fred Niblo (his brother-in-law) as a Billy Sunday-style temperance preacher. The NYT (Alexander Woollcott?) finds it “distinctly second-rate,” largely blaming Niblo and saying the part would have been better performed by Cohan himself (who will take the lead in the now lost 1918 film version) or by Douglas Fairbanks (who Niblo, much better a director than he was an actor, will direct in some of his more famous roles). The play, the review says – oh, it has to be by Woollcott – is “no more than nearly beer.”

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Today -100: September 13, 1915: A singing what now?

Brooklyn and Newark police arrest a “new type of thief,” one of a gang stealing films, after 250,000 feet of film were found to be missing from Mutual offices. Since there are so many movie theatres, it’s easy to market stolen movies.

The NYT praises the work of the state constitutional convention – and really praises Elihu Root, whose name I will never stop finding amusing. The convention has finished rewriting the constitution, extensively reorganizing and simplifying government administration and making a lot of offices no longer elective (the “short ballot”) and moving some decisions, like teacher pay, from the state to the local level (“home rule”). It now just needs to be voted on by the electorate. Which will reject it.

Headline of the Day -100: 

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Today -100: September 12, 1915: I will not be interviewed

The Evening Sun quotes German Ambassador to the US Count von Bernstorff as saying that if there is a diplomatic breach, U-boats will be ordered to sink every ship they see, which will lead to war. Bernstorff denies saying any such thing and adds that he didn’t give the paper an interview and never gives interviews, and he can’t comment on the purported interview because that would be giving an interview. (No, really, that’s what he says.) The Sun responds that they never said it was an interview, just that they’re in a position to state what Bernstorff’s views are. Bernstorff says he won’t confirm or deny that those are his views, because that would be giving an interview. It’s hard to argue with such logic.

Irish people in the US are raising funds for weapons for an uprising in Ireland. The “Defense of Ireland Fund” says that the British government is buying up riot shrapnel, whatever that is, from the US in order to put down protests in Ireland against conscription (conscription won’t actually be introduced in Ireland until 1918).

The NYT Sunday book review section has an article by Joyce Kilmer on the late war poet Rupert Brooke. “It is true that if it were not for the war he would not now be dead. It is also true that if it were not for the war he would not now be certain of literary immortality.” So, swings and roundabouts, yeh?

Headline of the Day -100: 

Local 41 of the New York Federation of Musicians objects to the use of school, church and other bands composed of children performing at civic events (specifically, they’ve filed a complaint against Mardi Gras celebrations on Coney Island), as being bad for the children and for musicians trying to support their families.

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Today -100: September 11, 1915: Of precedents, menaces to society, and peace terms

Carranza (rather belatedly) rejects the US plan for a conference to settle Mexico’s affairs and pick a president who is not Carranza. He says that accepting such a foreign initiative “would impair profoundly the independence of the republic and would establish the precedent of foreign interference in the determination of [Mexico’s] interior affairs”. He doesn’t add, presumably because he is too modest, that his troops have lately been kicking Pancho Villa’s ass.

William Sanger is convicted of giving a copy of his wife Margaret’s birth control pamphlet to a spy sent by Anthony Comstock. Comstock tells the court that he was threatened (he does not say by whom) with being shot if he went forward with this prosecution. The judge calls Sanger a “menace to society” and says women suffragists should instead advocate women having children. Sanger refuses to pay the $150 fine and is sentenced to 30 days.

The British Trades Union Congress votes down a resolution for the Labour Party to formulate and advocate peace terms satisfactory to the working class.

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Today -100: September 10, 1915: Of ambassadors, Arabics, controlling the Pacific, and deadly roller towels

Pres. Wilson politely requests that Austria recall Ambassador Konstantin Dumba, complaining that he “conspire[d] to cripple legitimate industries of the people of the United States and to interrupt their legitimate trade...” you know, selling arms to warring countries, that legitimate trade. And that he used an American citizen as a courier for official dispatches. The US will have to ask Britain and France to allow Dumba to return home without hindrance or, you know, capture. I’m not sure if similar free passage would also have been extended to a new Austrian ambassador, but Austria didn’t try to send one, so Dumba was the last ambassador of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the US. Although only 59, Dumba will retire from the diplomatic service. I guess getting caught trying to sabotage your host country’s industry doesn’t look good on the CV.

Germany explains that the Arabic was sunk because it changed direction and the U-boat commander was a-scared that it intended to ram his boat. So they will not be paying any indemnity, “even if the commander should have been mistaken as to the aggressive intentions of the Arabic.” It’s the Great War equivalent of American cops’ “Yeah, that black guy I shot looked like he was reaching for a weapon.” However, reports from passengers say the Arabic was hit near the stern, which would mean it wasn’t trying to ram the sub. Indeed, the Arabic didn’t even know it was being followed until it saw the torpedo coming at it.

The Daily Mail (London) is getting up a meeting of 3,000 women, each “representing” their male relations in the military, to call for conscription. The Vote, which has some questions about this odd system of representation, also points out that the Daily Mail used to argue against women’s suffrage precisely on the grounds that women might vote to send men to war without being subject to it themselves.

Headline  of the Day -100: 

The US’s Seamen’s Act regulating conditions for sailors has led to the Pacific Mail Steamship Company getting out of the biz. The Japanese worry this will damage US-Japanese trade.

William Howard Taft says he will not be a candidate for president in 1916. Not that anyone was asking.

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And strangely, it’s not Beyoncé, but Estelle Lawton Lindsey (the NYT misspelled her name), who was elected as the first woman on the LA city council in June. Her first act as acting mayor is to write to the City Council about the need for legislation to require that public restrooms have individual towels rather than the “deadly roller towel” shared by everyone.

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Today -100: September 9, 1915: Finally, someone puts trench warfare methods to a constructive use

Henry Ford increases his endowment for a world peace fund to $10 million. In response, the Packard Motor Company will pay a bonus and give extra vacation days to any of its employees who join the militia or go to military training camps – the president of Packard, Henry Joy, is also vice president of the Navy League.

William Jennings Bryan suggests that instead of preparing for war with ships and guns and Packard workers, we should build 12 coast-to-coast roads. Which is of course roughly what Eisenhower did in the 1950s for similar reasons.

Gustav Stahl, one of Germany’s witnesses who claimed that the Lusitania had cannons, pleads guilty to perjury before a federal grand jury. He will be sentenced to 18 months in the pokey and a $1 fine.

$1?

The British Trades Union Congress votes 600-7 that the war is “completely justified.”

Headline of the Day -100: 

And escape with $2,000.

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Today -100: September 8, 1915: Of modesty, orders, gold, conscription, and wreaths

Woodrow Wilson is protesting the efforts of his friends in New Jersey to nominate him for a second term as president. Something about it looking like he was taking advantage of the current world situation for personal advantage.

Austrian ambassador-for-now to the United States Konstantin Dumba tells Secretary of State Robert Lansing that he was just following orders with his plans to disrupt munitions and steel production in the US, except his letter to the Foreign Office sounded more like he was asking permission to carry out his own ideas (the text at the link is presumably the British government’s translation of the letter, so take that for what it’s worth).

Britain ships another $66 million in gold to the US for safe-keeping.

The British Trades Union Congress, representing 3 million trade union members, votes its opposition to conscription.

Walter Kandulski, who shot down Adolphe Pégoud’s plane, drops a wreath on an Alsatian village inscribed “To Pégoud, who died like a hero, from his adversary.” Isn’t that sweet?

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Today -100: September 7, 1915: Of Filipino politicians of not the highest standing, monarchies, and boxing

William Howard Taft (who was governor of the Philippines before he was president), criticizes the Philippines policies of Pres. Wilson and Gov-Gen. Francis Harrison, who he calls “a Tammany congressman” who knows nothing about the Philippines and who put himself under the control of “a Filipino politician of not the highest standing,” Manuel Quezon (who will certainly become a politician of the highest standing, president in fact). He also objects to American colonial officials being replaced by actual Filipinos. Obviously, you can’t give self-rule to the natives for two generations, when everyone will speak English.

The German newspapers are saying that maybe the Hesperian wasn’t really hit by a torpedo. Hey, maybe it didn’t exist at all, or maybe some  kid is dreaming, and we’re all stuck inside his wacky Broadway nightmare.

China decides that becoming a monarchy would create all sorts of paperwork, including getting foreign nations to recognize their government all over again, so they’ll continue to be a republic, but the president will hold office for life and his sons will inherit the office, which is totally different from a monarchy, somehow.

The sheriff of Allen County, Ohio calls out the Ohio National Guard to prevent a boxing match, which involves them in a brief armed stand-off with the Lima police.

You know who else doesn’t like boxing? Illinois Gov. Edward Dunne, who protests Labor Day being celebrated at Joliet Penitentiary with boxing.

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Today -100: September 6, 1915: Rudyard Kipling, sitting in a tree...

The passenger steamer Hesperian is torpedoed (without warning) off Ireland on its way to Montreal, by the same u-boat that sank the Lusitania. 32 are killed. Most of the passengers were wounded Canadian soldiers returning home or British emigrants to Canada. No American passengers. The British newspapers are crowing that this proves the German ambassador’s assurances to Pres. Wilson were lies. (Actually, the Hesperian had a mounted 4.7 gun, which means the U-20 was under no obligation, I believe, to give a warning, although there’s some question about that). (And will be more so when it’s revealed that it was a 6-inch gun, which the US considers the boundary between defensive and offensive guns). It is suspected that the Hesperian was targeted in the belief that it was carrying one of those shipments of gold Britain has been sending to the US.

James Archibald, an American reporter (he was the first man shot during the Spanish-American War, where he was a war correspondent), was detained a few days ago by the British authorities when his ship made a stop at Falmouth on its way from New York to Rotterdam. He was couriering some letters from the German and Austrian embassies in the US. The British kept the letters and are now gleefully leaking their contents. Konstantin Dumba, the Austrian ambassador to the US, is defending his letter to the foreign minister proposing measures to “disorganize and hold up for months, if not entirely prevent, the manufactures of munitions and in Bethlehem and the Middle West,” such as fomenting strikes. Dumba says this is an entirely legitimate part of his job. He says the steel industry has thousands of workers from the Austro-Hungarian Empire who “are uneducated and who do not understand that they are engaged in a work against their own country” and he just wanted to explain to them that they could be prosecuted if they ever returned home. He is going to Washington to explain his position to Secretary of State Lansing who (Spoiler Alert) will not agree.

Also seized were similar letters from military attaché at the German embassy, Capt. Franz von Papen, who will also be expelled from the US, although not until December. That’s the same Franz von Papen who was chancellor of Germany in 1932 and vice-chancellor under Hitler.

Canada is building giant military airplanes capable of speeds of nearly 100 mph.

Headline of the Day -100: 

Rudyard turns his hand to war reporting. The officers he quotes sound suspiciously like Rudyard Kipling.Rudyard turns his hand to war reporting. The officers he quotes sound suspiciously like Rudyard Kipling.

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Today -100: September 5, 1915: Of skirmishes, lynchings, martial law, and Comstockery

Running gun-battles across the Texas-Mexican border with some combination of Mexican bandits and Carranza soldiers.

A negro is lynched near Dresden, Tennessee for a “crime against a white woman.”

The Vatican denies that Cardinal Gibbons passed on a message from the pope to Woodrow Wilson.

US Rear Admiral William Capterton declares martial law in Port au Prince.

William Sanger, husband of Margaret, on trial (and denied a jury) for giving a copy of one of her birth control pamphlets to an agent of Anthony Comstock who passed himself off as a friend of hers, says that he was offered a suspended sentence if he’d say where his wife is.

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Today -100: September 4, 1915: Resolved to win!

Pointless Headline of the Day -100:

The NYT grants anonymity to “a [British] high Government official” to say that Britain wants to... wait for it... win the war. This is actually a push-back against an anticipated move by Germany to negotiate a peace now that it’s winning, especially in the east.

Mexicans have been shooting across the border at US Army airplanes.

Standard Oil of New Jersey agrees to the 8-hour day for all its employees.

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Today -100: September 3, 1915: Of gigantic plots, bee farm locations, readiness, lynchings and grand juries

US District Attorney Charles Clyne of Chicago says he has uncovered “gigantic plots in violation of American neutrality” attempts by foreign nations to recruit soldiers in the US and using operatives to blow up arms factories. The countries he mentions as employing the recruiting agents are Britain and... Montenegro.

Another US district attorney, John Neely in Florida, has to release, due to insufficient evidence, a suspected spy for Germany, the magnificently named August Orbolph, who made sketches of lighthouses and military installations for two years while “on the pretense of hunting a location for a bee farm.”

The White House makes public letters Wilson sent his secretaries of war and the navy asking them to develop plans to strengthen the military. Republicans, not least Teddy R, are looking to make military readiness a major issue in 1916.

Cardinal Gibbons meets Woodrow Wilson, evidently bearing a message from the pope asking him to mediate between the warring powers. But Wilson won’t do that until he’s asked, and asked nicely.

The Cobb County, Georgia grand jury somehow fails to ascertain the identity of even a single member of the mob which lynched Leo Frank, although by golly they tried their very best.

In good lynching news, Speaker of the House Champ Clark talks an outraged mob out of lynching a negro in Missouri. Harry Rose is lucky the mob assembled near Clark’s house, sparing a grand jury the task of a pantomime investigation.

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Today -100: September 2, 1915: Mmmm, horse

Germany gives the US the assurances it demanded, saying in future it will refrain from sinking liners without warning and will try its darnedest not to kill civilians (unless the liners resist or try to escape).

The New York Constitutional Convention rejects a proposal to increase the term of office for governor from 2 to 4 years.

Austria, following Germany, says that its citizens resident in, say, the US, who work in munitions factories are subject to imprisonment or execution.

The influx of Belgian refugees to Britain has brought Belgian cuisine to delight the palates of Londoners and Glaswegians. Well, horse meat, anyway. It is legal in Britain for any butcher to sell whinny steaks, but there must be a permanent sign advertising the fact, and no one gets horse who didn’t explicitly ask for it.

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Today -100: September 1, 1915: Is it YOU?

Fog of War (Rumors, Propaganda and Just Plain Bullshit) of the Day -100: The German sub U-24, which sank the SS Arabic, is reported sunk. Which would conveniently release Germany from the dilemma of whether to punish its commander for disobeying directives in torpedoing the British ship or admit that Adm. Tipitz sabotaged the move by failing to pass on the directives to U-boat captains. Or it would have released Germany from its dilemma if the U-24 has actually been sunk, which it has not. Is this German disinformation? A genuine mistake? The NYT doesn’t say where its information came from.

Adolphe Célestin Pégoud, widely but wrongly credited as the first aviator to fly a loop-the-loop, is shot down and killed. By one of his old (German) students, Walter Kandulski.

Two British recruiting posters issued this month:

Punch:

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Today -100: August 31, 1915: Of horse thieves and foreign-policy elections

San Antonio police arrest 26 Mexicans, thwarting a supposed plot to kill gringos (and Germans) and reattach Texas to Mexico.

A posse of Texas Rangers, customs guards, the 13th US Cavalry, and civilians kill 5 horse thieves from Mexico near Hillsburg, TX including, it is suspected (correctly), Gen. Pascual Orozco, who jumped bond last month after being arrested with Huerta. It’s actually a little murky. The rancher Dick Love who called in the authorities didn’t tell them Orozco was one of the Mexicans, although they knew each other. Love may have been carrying out a personal vendetta against Orozco and those may not even have been his horses, but Orozco’s.

The NYT thinks the 1916 elections will be the first US election ever fought on foreign issues. They quote the Boston Herald saying that the D’s will fight on “He kept the country out of war.” First time I’ve seen that phrase in the NYT. Won’t be the last.

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Today -100: August 30, 1915: Of fire and snakes

A mob in Sulphur Springs, Texas, lynches two negro brothers who killed a couple of sheriffs. They are burned (one alive, one dead) at the stake. The NYT describes that as a “compromise” between those who wanted the men burned alive in the town square and those who wanted to allow the law to take its course. Who says Texans don’t believe in compromise?

Germany is supposedly now using phosphorus shells to set enemy soldiers on fire. Are Germans actually Texans? Are Texans actually Germans? Someone check Wikipedia.

Feel-Good Headline of the Day -100: 

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Today -100: August 29, 1915: Of negro women suffragists, TR speeches, and tighter skirts

The Woman Suffrage Party in NY will open a branch for black people (ahead of the November referendum).

Theodore Roosevelt responds to Secretary of War Garrison’s criticism of his speech in typically temperate terms and it’s like watching him degenerate into a Fox News commentator.

Headline of the Day -100: 

German dressmakers had intended to bring out wider, material-wasting skirts simply to do the opposite of whatever is current Paris fashion. The government would rather save the cotton.

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Today -100: August 28, 1915: Blackjacked

A fire in the Presidio kills the wife and three of the four children of Gen. “Blackjack” Pershing, who will lead US expeditionary forces during World War I. Evidently there are standing orders for Presidio personnel not to pull an alarm to call the SF Fire Department until they’ve tried to put it out themselves (with old, inadequate equipment).

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Today -100: August 27, 1915: When mobs are no longer possible, liberty will be dead

Russia abandons Brest-Litovsk.

Former SC Gov. Coleman Blease shows up at the Conference of Governors and speaks out against the use of the third degree by police, which he says is a violation of the Constitution and a blow to the whole spirit of our institutions.  Unlike lynchings, which of course he totally supports: “when mobs are no longer possible, liberty will be dead.”

The US is now pushing Germany for a response to its last Lusitania letter about submarine warfare. That letter actually said that it didn’t require a written response, just not torpedoing quite so many Americans in the future, but now, with the Arabic sinking, the US demands an explicit response. Germany is evidently telling the US privately that it already sent orders to modify submarine warfare and refrain from attacking passenger ships (which the U-boat that sunk the Arabic ignored), but that it won’t say so publicly because the German people are really committed to sub warfare, in part because the government is exaggerating how successful it is and how vital to the war effort.

France announces the end of martial law outside of actual war zones.

The New York Constitutional Convention reverses itself and drops the literacy requirement.

Headline of the Day -100: 

The British and German ambassadors to the US both turn up at the Shoreham Hotel restaurant for separate lunches. They do not make eye contact.

German occupation forces appoint a city council for Warsaw, 12 Poles, 12 Germans, and 6 Jews.

A W.J.L. writes a letter to the NYT saying that he’d offered a German street band a dime to play the Marseillaise but “They are not out for cash, it seems.”

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Today -100: August 26, 1915: We have treated elocution as a substitute for action

Haitian President Philippe Dartiguenave, in office less than two weeks following his predecessor’s precipitate removal from office by a murderous mob, signs the convention giving control of Haitian finances and police to the United States. It now has to be ratified by the Haitian Congress and US Senate. Secretary of State Robert Lansing is openly using the term “protectorate.” He says, “The United States Government has no purpose of aggression and is entirely disinterested in promoting this protectorate.” Hell, he says, we haven’t even demanded Mole St. Nicholas be ceded to the US like Guantanamo Bay.

Theodore Roosevelt says Americans should stand by Pres. Wilson only so far as he is right. In a speech at the US Military Instruction Camp at Plattsburg, he denounces “professional hyphenated Americans” and also “professional pacifists and the poltroons and college sissies who organize peace-at-any-price societies,” and the man with a mean soul. He wants every young man in America to be given military training, just like Switzerland. He says the US has “played an ignoble part among the nations” since the start of the world war, shirking its responsibility to defend Belgium. He says, and you know I believe he might just be referring to President Wilson, that “We have treated elocution as a substitute for action. ....  Reliance upon high-sounding words unbacked by deeds is proof of a mind that dwells only in the realm of shadow and of sham.”

Tomorrow Secretary of War Garrison will issue a very public rebuke to Gen. Wood for letting Roosevelt make that speech.

The proposal that the right to vote be contingent on an ability to read and write in English passes the NY constitutional convention. For now.

What the NYT calls the “Grape Juice Hiatus” at the State Department comes to an end, as Lansing reverses Bryan’s ban on alcohol at diplomatic dinners. The NYT asks why grape juice was made the go-to substitute for booze, instead of, say, ginger ale.

Paris jewelers have developed a wrist watch for soldiers - complete with a compass and a glow-in-the-dark radium-coated dial (World War I saw the widespread switch from pocket to wrist watches, which were much more convenient in the trenches).

Headline of the Day -100:

German saboteurs are being blamed lately (sometimes correctly) for every industrial mishap, but this time (in Jersey City) they have gone too far!

Headline of the Day -100: 

That’s why you should always use SPF 30 or higher.

Headline of the Day -100:

I dunno, if Staten Island didn’t have a criminal class, it wouldn’t have any class at all.

Headline of the Day -100:

Nope, I can’t even think of a joke to make about this one.

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Today -100: August 25, 1915: Of arabics, literate voters, unknown lynchers, sops, and emperors

Germany has been leaking suggestions that the Arabic wasn’t torpedoed but sank because it hit a stray floating mine. The government has asked the US for a delay for it to prepare an answer after it investigates how the Arabic was sunk and even whether the American passengers who died were actually American.

At the New York constitutional convention, there’s a debate over a proposed requirement for voters to be able to read and write in English. Charles Young (R) says that German immigrants who can only read the German-language press are a grave menace to the US, while Prof. Louis Marshall points out that the requirement would piss off the 1 million Jews who can only read Yiddish.

Completely Unsurprising Headline of the Day -100:

Headline of the Day -100: 

The 10% who are Catholic or Protestant or who work at US consulates.

Chinese President Yuan Shikai denies planning to make himself emperor (while being obviously behind the propaganda campaign for the restoration of the monarchy). He says that his sons are unfit to be non-commissioned officers, much less succeed him as emperor. I foresee an awkward Thanksgiving.

The US gives Haiti until noon to agree to a 10-year treaty giving the US control of its customs revenue and police forces.

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Today -100: August 24, 1915: War is a dirty business

Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pašic says the Serbian army hasn’t been fighting lately because of sanitary conditions. He also says, through gritted teeth, that he is giving in to his allies in allowing Italy to pretend it controls Albania.

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Today -100: August 23, 1915: Universal peace will be any color you want, as long as it’s black

William Jennings Bryan says that the sinking of the Arabic is not a cause for war, and again blames the American passengers who put their convenience above their nation’s welfare for their own deaths, and should we really let selfish dead people like that drag us into war?

I still don’t know exactly how many Mexican leaders, generals etc were sent those letters by the US and the Latin American ambassadors demanding a conference be called to settle, you know, everything, but some of the answers are beginning to trickle in. All of Carranza’s generals got one, and they’re all replying “Hey, talk to the boss. We just work here.” Including Gen. Obregon, who some Americans are considering putting into power.

Henry Ford says he will use his fortune to campaign for universal peace.

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Today -100: August 22, 1915: Of declarations of war, pales, fresh sacrifices, sublime days, and deaf drivers

Italy declares war on Turkey. Italy’s complaints: Turkey is fomenting revolt in the Italian colony of Libya, and it won’t let Italians leave Syria.

Russia loosens its restrictions on where Jews can live, since most of the Pale of Settlement is either occupied by German troops or an active war zone. They still won’t be allowed in Moscow or Petrograd or in the vicinity of the tsar’s various residences, because you have to have some standards.

Some people want the US to respond to the sinking of the Arabic by expelling the German ambassador. Theodore Roosevelt, not surprisingly, thinks this is not sufficient and would, indeed, be “a fresh sacrifice of American honor and interest.” he says the time for words has “long passed,” but doesn’t spell out what the US should do, although I think we can guess.

Germany captures the fortress Novo Georgievsk, or as Kaiser Wilhelm puts it, “It was a sublime day, for which I humbly thank God. The booty in Kovno has increased to 600 guns.” It’s not often you hear someone use the words “sublime,” “humbly thank God” and “booty” so close together, except maybe in rap songs.

A member of the Russian Duma named Alexandrof will be prosecuted for publishing an article before the war predicting war between Germany and Russia.

New Jersey’s DMV commissioner rules that deaf people can’t have driver licenses.

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Today -100: August 21, 1915: Emperors v. mosquitos

The Germans have totally developed a “ray” that can cut through barbed wire from a mile away.

Karl Liebknecht, the socialist Reichstag deputy, puts a question to the foreign minister: will Germany negotiate on the basis of no annexations? Foreign Minister Gottlieb von Jagow replies that “the moment is unsuitable” to answer.

The secretary of Germany’s Imperial Treasury, Karl Helfferich, admits that the war has gone waaaay over budget, but he intends to finance it through war loans which will be repaid by the defeated enemy after the war ends.

Headline of the Day -100: 

I believe Sean Connery had a line about this in The Untouchables.

Jacques Lebaudy, the Emperor of Sahara, is recaptured after being defeated in the Long Island woods by the toughest enemy of all: mosquitos. His lawyers will get him sprung in a week or so. One of his first acts will be to take out an ad disavowing any debts (shop accounts, that sort of thing) entered into by his wife. In fact, he claims that she isn’t even his wife but “a French woman of no social standing” passing herself off as his wife. She is, of course, his actual wife. Some people don’t take being committed by their spouses very well. Their relations and his mental health will not improve and she will shoot him dead in self-defense in 1919.

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Today -100: August 20, 1915: Proudly and without fear we look into the future!

A u-boat torpedoes the White Star liner Arabic shortly after it left Britain for the US, killing 44 (including 3 Americans). No warning is given, which the White House is trying to confirm, because it’s an important factor in how pissed off it will decide to be.

Job Title of the Day -100:

One of the Arabic passengers, a J.F. Rowley of Chicago and/or Kansas City, who was visiting Britain to set up an artificial limb factory.

At the opening of the German Reichstag, Chancellor Theobald Bethmann-Hollweg explains at length how the war was all Britain’s fault and Germany is fighting in self-defense against half the world, but it’s going swimmingly. A German victory, he says, will mean a Poland freed from the Russian yoke, Balkan nations freed from Russian oppression, and a “new Europe, delivered from French intrigues, Muscovite lust of conquest, and British tutelage.” “Proudly and without fear we look into the future!”

Turkey is locking Armenians in barns and burning them, and putting chains around Armenians and drowning them in lakes.

Georgia Gov. Nathaniel Harris offers a reward of $1,500 for the first three convictions of members of the Leo Frank lynch mob.

Anna Howard Shaw of the National American Woman’s Suffrage Association denies that the Leo Frank lynching had anything to do with chivalry, noting that Georgia’s age of consent is still 10.

Jacques Lebaudy, the Emperor of Sahara, escapes from the Knickerbocker Sanitarium (evidently the preferred loony bin for royalty: past residents have included the King of Europe and the Empress of Africa).

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Today -100: August 19, 1915: It isn’t a mob spirit that prevails here

The Germans capture Kovno! (now called Kaunas, Lithuania)

Pancho Villa accepts Woodrow Wilson’s plan for a conference, which is pretty safe since he knows Carranza never will.

Headline of the Day -100 (LA Times): 

Judge Newton Augustus Morris, former Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives, who is being treated as a hero because he kept Leo Frank’s corpse from being mutilated, says “It isn’t a mob spirit that prevails here [in Marietta]. The men who lynched Mr. Frank were intelligent men; they did it in an intelligent way.” I’m no superior court judge, like Morris used to be and will be again, but I believe that’s called pre-meditation. “I believe Frank has his just deserts,” says Morris, because evidently a belief in the rule of law isn’t a requirement for to be a judge in Georgia.

Pictures of Frank hanging from the tree are already being sold in Atlanta. The acting mayor says there’s no law against it – as long as they have a license. However, postcards with the picture cannot be sent through the mails.

Jacques Lebaudy, aka Jacques I, self-proclaimed Emperor of Sahara (he landed mercenaries in Morocco in 1903) (he inherited a fortune in sugar refining money and that’s how he chose to spend it), which he used to run from the Savoy Hotel in London and now runs from Long Island, gets into a dispute with a neighbor who persisted in disobeying his royal command not to drive on her own driveway. Sheriff’s deputies were called, and they got into a scuffle with the Saharan Army (four messenger boys, but Lebaudy gave them uniforms and everything). The sheriff chased Emperor Jack, both on horseback. His wife (the Empress Augustine) agrees to have him sent to the Knickerbocker Sanitarium.

Justice Charles Evans Hughes of the Supreme Court says he will not run for president in 1916 and if nominated would not run, and I for one believe him.

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Today -100: August 18, 1915: An act of law-abiding citizens

Lynching of the Day -100: Leo Frank (1884-1915), kidnapped from prison, is driven 175 miles to Mary Phagan’s birthplace in Marietta, Georgia, and hanged.

Gov. Nathaniel Harris, who was attending a reunion of Confederate veterans, says he’ll make sure the lynchers are brought to justice. He says “I do not believe that the people of Georgia will at all approve of this action.”

There were postcards made of the lynching. You can Google them. Frank is hanging from a tree, barefoot, in a nightrobe. Some of the mob are easily identifiable and none are wearing masks, nor were they when they invaded the prison farm. None, of course, were ever arrested.

This defunct site lists 26 of the probable members and planners of the lynching party, including former Georgia Gov. Joseph Mackey Brown, who last December wrote an op-ed asking “Are we to understand that anybody except a Jew can be punished for a crime?” and last week wrote another one saying the time had come for “the people to form mobs”; E.P. Dobbs, mayor of Marietta; Eugene Herbert Clay, former mayor of Marietta and future president of the Georgia Senate; Newton Augustus Morris, former Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives, past and future superior court judge and occasional cattle rustler.

By the way, Marietta’s mayor is named Dobbs and its police chief is named H.H. Looney. This is like a Preston Sturges movie gone horribly wrong.

Headline of the Day -100:

The Atlanta Constitution says the mob has “assaulted, desecrated, raped” the sovereignty of Georgia and “lynched, not Leo Frank, who is only a detail in the awful story, but the State itself.” (Those Southerners sure did see everything in terms of rape, don’t they? The Macon Daily Telegraph says the mob “raped the State penitentiary”.

The Marietta Journal, on the other hand, says “We regard the hanging of Leo M. Frank in Cobb County as an act of law-abiding citizens” merely carrying out the death sentence that Gov. Slaton shouldn’t, in their opinion, have commuted.

The Jeffersonian (edited by former Congresscritter Tom Watson, who was one of William Jennings Bryan’s two running mates in 1896 and will be a US senator) proclaims, “Let Jew libertines take notice.”

Atlanta Mayor James G. Woodward defends the lynching, saying “when it comes to woman’s honor there is no limit to which we will not go to avenge and protect it.” He says 75% of Georgians believe Frank was guilty and they ought to know (how?). He suggests that former Gov. John Slaton, who commuted Frank’s sentence, should stay out of the state for at least another year and maybe forever.

Slaton, in San Francisco, says better a lynching than a hanging by judicial mistake. He says every member of the lynch mob should be hanged.

Elsewhere in Georgia, a 68-year-old negro man, John Riggins, is also lynched.

Headline of the Day -100:

Villages are being depopulated, with Armenians ordered to take a hundreds-mile-long march through the desert, during which most will die.

King Ferdinand of Bulgaria fires his German medical adviser after discovering that he’s a spy.

Punch:

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Today -100: August 17, 1915: Whither Leo Frank?

Leo Frank is grabbed from the Georgia State Prison Farm by a group of 25 to 40 men. They bundle him into a car and take off for parts unknown. Details are few today because they cut the telephone lines, except the one they missed. They planned it pretty meticulously, considering they only had to overcome two guards and a trusty.

Chinese President Yuan Shikai wants to name himself Emperor. He’s arguing that a hereditary monarchy would prevent China falling into chaos, like Mexico, when he dies.

The Allies will declare cotton shipments contraband.

The Providence Journal says that the German Embassy has spies in the State and Treasury Departments, who informed it, among other things, of the path the Lusitania would take.

France denies using poison gas. “That’s just how we smell,” says the Ministry of War.

Sorry ‘bout that.

Lillian Feickert, president of the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association said recently that Woodrow Wilson will declare his support for the NJ women’s suffrage referendum. Wilson is reportedly furious about this claim.

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Today -100: August 16, 1915: Of enumeration, shields, and race riots but not that kind of race riot

It’s Enumeration Day in Britain! Yay! Everyone in Britain aged 15 to 65, both sexes, was supposed to register for war work. Many see this as a prelude to conscription, a trick, basically. Some responded by quickly joining up, thinking they’d be better off as volunteers. Irishmen responded by returning to Ireland, where the registration doesn’t apply. And some men got hastily married, thinking that conscription would grab the single men first (as it indeed would). Sylvia Pankhurst refuses to register.

Headline of the Day -100: 

Just another Monday on the Western Front.

The government and some newspapers (the ever-hysterical Providence Journal and the New York World) are concerned about German-Embassy-financed propaganda and subsidized newspapers in the US, as well as covert activities including attempts to start strikes in munitions factories. Speaking of which,

There’s a “race riot” in Milwaukee between Austrian and Italian construction workers at the Federal Pressed Steel Company, who were supposed to be building a plant to manufacture munitions for Russia. The Austrians walked off the job when they realized what it was in aid of, Italians made fun of them, and knives were pulled, as was the custom.

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Today -100: August 15, 1915: With no other inspiration save the thought of their afflicted land

Kaiser Wilhelm responds to the Pope’s letter about peace saying that of course he’s willing to negotiate peace – if the other side makes the first move.

It’s not just the German socialist party that is divided about the war. The National Liberal Party is also squabbling, with the more war-like members demanding the annexation of Belgium and parts of France (chiefly the ones with coal under them). This is interesting in that the government is trying to prevent any public discussion of Germany’s war aims. What Germany is fighting for is literally a state secret.

British press baron Lord Northcliffe will begin an organized campaign to introduce conscription.

The US, supported by the ambassadors of 6 Latin American countries (who don’t actually claim to be speaking for their governments), sends a letter – a “friendly appeal” – to various Mexican political leaders, generals and warlords. The letter suggests that they have simply failed to notice the deleterious effects of endless civil war “on the prestige and security” of Mexico and need only have those deleterious effects pointed out to them. It proposes a conference of delegates from the military factions, to be held “far from the sound of cannon, and with no other inspiration save the thought of their afflicted land,” to create a provisional government and hold elections. An answer is demanded within ten days.

Well, if that doesn’t solve everything, I don’t know what will.

Britain seized seven steamers from German owners and rechristened them the Hungerford, the Hunsdon, and other Hun-nish names.

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Today -100: August 14, 1915: Of chloroforming awakening consciences, and drinking races

Germany prohibits newspapers from publishing a statement by the anti-war socialists criticizing the pro-war socialists. The anti-warites say that the SPD executive “makes a mistake if it hopes to chloroform the rapidly awakening conscience of the workers with the phrase ‘the defense of the Fatherland’.” It points out that the government has used the pretext of the war to seize back every gain won by the workers over the last 50 years.

On Prohibition, the NYT says that “the drinking races have been the ruling races of the world”.

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Today -100: August 13, 1915: Who better?

The German government arrests anti-war Socialists on charges of high treason. Their high treason consisted of a pamphlet criticizing pro-war Socialists. The NYT doesn’t say how many were arrested or who they are, nor did it, near as I can tell, ever follow up, but I think we’re talking about the core members of the future Communist Party (KPD): definitely Clara Zetkin, maybe Rosa Luxembourg.

British Munitions Minister David Lloyd George declares 345 factories “controlled,” suspending labor rules and customs and limiting profits.

Woodrow Wilson will simply ignore Carranza’s letter telling them to butt out of Mexico’s affairs.

Headline of the Day -100:

W. Somerset Maugham’s Of Human Bondage is published by William Heinemann.

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Today -100: August 12, 1915: Of roses and black-eyed beauties

Headline of the Day -100: 

Spillover from the Mexican turmoil. Gov. James Ferguson wants Wilson to double the size of the army on the border. In 2015 Texas governors are still concerned about being invaded, although by the federal government.

An unnamed German officer writes an article published in several German newspapers about how smoothly the occupation of Warsaw is going. Really, he says, the Poles are pretty relieved to be occupied by “German soldiers accustomed to order and discipline”. Hell, they’re being greeted as liberators: “Everywhere one turns one sees bright faces, and roses are thrown by black-eyed beauties. A fine rain does not keep the beauties of Warsaw indoors, although they have on diaphanous blouses with skylights.”

A French military court sentences Henri Racine, a perfumer, to perpetual banishment for selling essence of neroli and olive oil to a German perfumer. Racine will get that verdict overturned and get a new court-martial, which will sentence him to 5 years in prison.

The German Socialist Party (SPD) finally splits between its anti-war and pro-war factions.

That 1 million ounces of Bank of England gold arrives in the US, and they take every precaution transporting it to J.P. Morgan for safe-keeping,

including many armed guards and a decoy train.

The Rockefeller Institute says it has found what causes diabetes. And they’re right (for Type I, anyway).

Headline of the Day -100: 

Night telephone operators in Massachusetts work 12-hour shifts, which they say violates the 10 Hour laws. The company says they’re allowed to sleep after midnight – subject to being woken up by people who want to make phone calls – so it doesn’t count.

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Today -100: August 11, 1915: Trust German sense and justice

Sir Hiram Maxim, inventor of the Maxim gun and a shitload of other things, says he has invented a method to protect against poison gas, something about detonating incendiary bombs in the path of the gas, heating it and thereby forcing it to rise. The article doesn’t say what device he’s proposing be used to hurl the incendiaries; I’m picturing a sling shot.

Another multi-zeppelin air raid on the coast of England, killing 14.

Carranza telegrams Argentina’s president complaining about that country’s participation in Wilson’s conference on Mexico’s future. “Argentina has made herself an accomplice in a crime against our race, which possibly may help to bring on a war between two American nations.”

Prince Leopold of Bavaria, who leads the troops that occupied Warsaw, issues a proclamation, calling on the remaining inhabitants to “undertake no hostile action, to trust German sense and justice...”  Speaking of German justice, the same proclamation says that the army is taking hostages. Leopold asks the Poles to inform on anyone planning actions against German soldiers. What’s the Polish for “Snitches get stitches”?

Disappointing Headline of the Day -100:

An oil steamer, not a furry Andean animal.

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